Employment Discrimination Lawyers and Labor Law Lawyers

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]texas employment law salary[/mage]
Does anyone know where the law is for a verification of employment?

is there a texas state or federal law stating that the employer is not allowed to give out an employers salary even with borrowers authorization to qualify for a home mortgage loan, more or less, an FHA loan?
if there is please give me a link.
or if there as anything regarding them having to with permission.

there is no law either state or federal, if they have a signed authorization they are free to give it to whomever has the authorization, if it was done without your permission there is little you can do unless it caused serious financial harm

Sallie Mae-Westwood Diploma Mill Federal Student Loan Fraud #2

ITUC Spotlight interview with US Domestic Workers United
Brussels, 29 November 2010 (ITUC Online): As of 29 November this year, domestic workers in New York State finally have a number of rights recognised, following the enactment of a new Bill of Rights specifically protecting them.
XpertHR valuable tool, by Fentons Solicitors

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law tools[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law exempt overtime[/mage]
are small private restaurant exempt from paying overtime?

I was working in a restaurant for many years. Upon my terminating my employment I had already worked 4 days when I quit. I called the owner and asked for my 4 days pay and she refused to pay it. i also worked many hours in a week and only got straight time. Is a small business exempt from the labor laws

Nope. If you worked over 40 hours per a given week, the excess hours over 40 should have been paid at overtime rate. It is also wrong for them to refuse to pay you for the 4 days you are owed for - that is seriously wrong. This happens quite a lot in restaurants, I hate to say. But it's true. They often hire illegal immigrants (or even legal immigrants) and pay them way less than minimum wage, taking advantage of the immigrants lack of understanding of American law (specifically the FLSA - Fair Labor Standards Act).

I'm not entirely sure how you should pursue this - it's your decision. If it was me, seeing as how I didn't get my final paycheck for hours I had worked, I'd be calling around to various agencys like the local Department of Labor to look into the matter. Yes, that's called whistle-blowing. But sometimes, someone has to stand up and make things known about illegal activities. I'm pretty sure this business is not properly filing taxes or distributing tips properly either. It would have been much simpler for them to have just paid you your wages for the days you worked. Now - as I hope you will - they will be reported and be investigated and probably have an audit done on their bookkeeping record.

Overtime Law Interview Part 1

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law postings[/mage]
Union vote at Foxwoods upheld
An administrative law judge has upheld the outcome of a July 31 election at Foxwoods Resort Casino in which employees in the casino's beverage department voted to affiliate with Local 371 of the United Food and Commercial Workers Union.
Labor Law Posters: Federal Labor Law Poster

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law postings[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law texas employers[/mage]
Can a background check company in Texas reveal a non criminal conviction (from another state) to an employer?

I know in some states it is illegal for a background check company to reveal a non criminal conviction (violation) to an employer. Is this the case for employment background checks done for employment in Texas, and if so where in the law does it state this? Does it matter if the background check company is physically located in Texas or is there a loop hole for this?

In Texas and other states, employers have the right to do criminal background checks themselves, but most employers hire a service to do that .

The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) requires an employer to get written authorization from an applicant to do a credit check if an outside agency will be used – in addition, if the applicant is turned down, the employer must tell the applicant why and let them know the name and address of the service that furnished the information.

The FCRA prohibits credit reports from including non-criminal violations, such as a conviction that only results in a fine. The FCRA applies nationwide.

Note that the restriction on reporting non-criminal convictions only applies to credit reports. If the employer does the research himself, he is entitled to any information that he obtains from public sources, and all convictions (of any type) are public information. The employer can also purchase a background check that could reveal the same information as long as it is not included in a credit check.

You can perform a free background check yourself to see what information is available.
Like many answers, it all depends on the details:
What information do you want?
How much work are you willing to do to get it?
How fast do you want it?

If you are willing to do some work yourself, you can perform a background check on someone for free.

Criminal Background Check:
Criminal records are kept by the Clerk of Courts in each courthouse. Every city, town, county, state, and the federal government have their own courthouses. We know there are 50 states, 3000 counties, and over 30,000 cities, towns, or townships in the USA. That is a lot of courthouses, and most of them do not share their information. However, it is all public information, and you are allowed to review it.

If you know where the subject person has lived and traveled, then you know which courthouse records to check.

Do-it-Yourself Free Background check issues:
a)One problem is finding out your subject-persons lifetime travel history. He could have committed a crime anywhere he has ever been.
b)2nd problem is the amount of work you must do to check every courthouse in those locations.
c)3rd problem is that you could miss important records if you miss any of the locations that your subject-person has been to.
d)4th problem is cost. If the courthouse has digitized their records and published them on a website, then you can often review them for free. But if you must travel to the courthouse, that requires your time and travel costs. Finally, if you get copy of the record, some courthouses charge $1 per page. Wow! That can be expensive.
e)So a do-it-yourself background check may cost you a significant amount of money if you want to perform a complete background check.

Other Records:
You will probably want to check out some other records on you subject-person.
Do your want to know about:
Marriages and Divorces
Bankruptcies
Tax liens
Civil law suits
Professional licenses
Corporate ownership
Property ownership.

All of that information is public, and you can review it. But, you have the same issues that you had with the Criminal Records. The information is not all in one place. You have to find out where it is, and you may have to travel to those locations.

Information Aggregators
On the internet, some companies specialize in collecting all of this public information, putting it in their database, and making it available for instant access. For example, Illinois Youth Soccer (http://www.iysa.org) has a Risk Management publication that refers to
http://backgroundsearch.com

You can review some of this information for free and get the results immediately on the internet.

How to Perform a Do-It-Yourself Free Background Search & Check:

Step #1 – At an information aggregator, like BackgroundSearch.com , you can put in your subject-person’s name and find every city that he lived-in. That website provides this information for free. You can enter as many names as you like, as many times as you like. Now you know which courthouse records to review.

Step #2 – At the same website, you can find a list of the Criminal Record Offices of every city, county, and state in the USA, along with their website (as reported to the U.S. government.).

Step #3.- Go to the courthouse website, or to the courthouse (if they do not have a website), and review their public records.

Step #4 – Back at BackgroundSearch.com, you can find the Record Offices for Vital Records (Marriage, Divorce, Births, Deaths). Repeat step #3 for Vital Records and any other type of records that you need.

Purchasing a Background Check:
If you want to get a complete report, instantly, you can purchase a comprehensive background check from BackgroundSearch.com (or other information aggregators). Every company (without exception) will charge you something for a complete background check. The companies have to cover their costs to gather all of the public information, put it in a database, keep it up to date every day about everyone, and make it available to you on the internet for instant access.

Sex Offenders:
The U.S. government does keep a list of all convicted sex offenders in one place. You can find it here: http://www.nsopr.gov/
Source(s):

Good luck with your background check research.

Workforce Solutions Upper Rio Grande Employer of the week Alpine Access

No retirement for these older folks, just work
The preparation before work each morning starts in a methodical fashion. By 6 a.m., Morris Wilkinson, a 91-year-old letter carrier, irons his postal worker uniform -- a crisp, collared shirt and gray slacks -- a habit he formed while in the Marines during World War II.
Employment Outlook: Hedge Fund Losses May Result in Massive Job Cuts

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law careers[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]employment law careers[/affmage]

Newspaper will appeal ruling
The Juneau County Star-Times will appeal a Circuit Court judge's decision that blocks the newspaper's access to an attorney's bills.
Milwaukee Disability Claims Lawyer Wisconsin Attorney

Is there any way to get hired quick as a pharmaceutical salesperson. Please help. These are good jobs.?

I am a college graduate with my BA degree in history. I worked at a Law office doing research and taught school also. I want to get into pharmaceutical sales. The salary is good along with the benefits. I have applied online to many companied through Monster.com with my resume. I had a professional resume writer help me re-work my resume. I have not heard anything back in the last 30 days. I also have a keen interest in working with AMTRAK train in Chicago. Again, resume was sent online and to their phisical address. Many og their positions I am qualified for. Probably very political. I even wrote my local state Senator for his guidance with AMTRAK in Chicago, since he is from Chicago and I enclosed my resume for his ready reference. Two weeks have passed and no response yet. I need gainful employment commersuate with my life experience and educational attainment. Please help.

I would recommend networking. Do you know any pharmaceutical reps? Do you know anybody who does? Meet with them, talk with them about their job to see if it would be right for you, ask them if they could point you in the right direction of the person you need to talk with. When you send your resume in, it most likely is just being thrown into a larger pile of resumes. You need to make contact, meet the actual decision maker face to face, etc. I imagine you should take the same approach with getting a job at AMTRAK. Ask around, find someone who works there. Knowing someone is a big hurdle in getting you through the door. Good luck, I hope you nail the job you want!

Law Office Of Ryan Scott Nalley - Chicago, IL

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law offices in chicago[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]employment law offices in chicago[/affmage]

The Importance of Employment History Verification

Employment history verification is essential for many reasons. Job applicants may lie on their resume to cover up previous employment problems, and even periods of imprisonment that they obviously do not want to reveal in an application for a new job. You are obliged not only by law, but morally, to make as sure as you possibly can that your employees are not harmed through your employment of an unsuitable candidate.

Your verification procedure should detect any false dates of employment provided, any exaggeration of positions or responsibilities held and the possibility of fictitious employers being named. Why does this happen? Why do some candidates feel it necessary to fabricate their resumes or CVs in this way? It is, in fact, not all that uncommon, and there have been some prominent cases reported in the press. Let’s examine some reasons why people do this.

A very common reason for stating false periods of employment with specific companies is to hide dismissal for inappropriate behavior, violence to other employees or theft. Any one of these could provide a good reason for finding an employer guilty of negligible hiring, and this itself introduces a problem. While it is essential that you identify these applicants, the previous employers might be loathe to provide details to you that could indicate them to have been negligent. Sometimes only a professional investigator can get to the truth of these situations.

Another reason is to hide a period of conviction, so someone released from prison can be confident of finding employment quickly. It is easier to provide a fictitious employer, or extend the period of the previous employment. Such temptations can be irresistible to a person desperate to find employment.

If questioned on the reasons for the job changes indicated on the resume, an applicant can provide a change of state or county, or even the desire for advancement, as a reason. They all sound plausible, there having been plenty of time for rehearsal of the story! Both of these excuses, or reasons, are common and are difficult to disprove if previous employers are loathe to provide full employment details. This is particularly true of lies told regarding positions of responsibility. Many employers will agree to provide employment dates if pushed, but no more. Not even severance details.

If you feel that something is not ringing true, or just feel a little bit nervous about the person you are interviewing, you are advised to have a professional carry out full employment history verification, and even a criminal record investigation. These are not tasks that can be given to an employee untrained in the techniques, and the job is too important to your company to hesitate on. A full employment background check should be carried out because you have a duty of care to your workforce.

If the position offered demands a certain level of management experience or seniority, then a few applicants will be tempted to exaggerate their previous employment. There are many recorded instances of candidates for senior positions falsifying their resumes in this way, and being offered the position only to be found out at a later date. This type of falsification is stupid because you will eventually be found lacking in the skills you should have had were your claims true.

You must carry out a full employee background check on all applicants to whom you are considering offering a job. The law requires that you take all steps to avoid negligent hiring, and failing to carry out employment history verification checks is regarded as employment negligence. The cost to your company can be crippling if someone you hired went on to injure an other employee, or even just steal from them.

Sometimes other employers can be difficult when asked for employment history, but if you provide them with a completed release of information form they should have no grounds for refusal. A professional can deal with this, since they do it every day. In fact, frequently, just asking the candidate to sign the release form when they make the application is sufficient to put them off.

If an applicant refuses to complete such a release form, then don’t employ them. The same should apply if previous employers refuse to provide full employment histories, and in such a case you should inform the applicant why they are not being considered for the job.

You must carry out a suitable and sufficient employment history verification to meet your own legal obligations, and you can have no excuses for failing to do so. You can try to do it yourself, or have one of your employees do it, but you are better advised to employ a professional in employee screening to carry out a professional job for you. You will then be able to sleep well at night without worry.

About the Author

Advanced Research arsbackgrounds.com is made up of a team of experts in HR, Risk Management and Legal Investigations. We provide a free consultation to assist you in mitigating your potential hiring risks.

Docket Schmocket What Can a Legal Administrative Assistant Do for CPS Victims Court Reform?

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law resume[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]employment law resume[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]uk employment law salaries[/mage]

Redundancy Alternatives For UK Employers

In the current recession, both restructuring and redundancies are becoming increasingly common. Large and small businesses may find themselves with little option but to shed staff just to keep their business going. It is an extremely stressful time both for employees facing potential redundancy and for employers and other HR and other managers involved in the redundancy process.

Redundancies occur where a job no longer exists or can be dispensed with for justifiable economic reasons of benefit to the employer. However, for employers thinking about making redundancies it is worthwhile looking into alternatives. Employers can consider the following options:

a) Stopping the use of temporary staff -- temps are often expensive due to the additional costs of using an agency and also maybe less productive than experienced staff. Can work be reallocated to existing staff instead?

b) Cutting workers' hours.

c) Offering sabbatical or unpaid leave.

d) Reducing the level of paid overtime.

e) Bringing in flexible shift patterns or annualised hours contracts.

f) Replacing part of a worker's salary with a performance-related bonus.

g) Converting the remuneration of sales staff from salary to a commission basis, where possible.

h) Developing new sources of work.

i) Cutting out unnecessary travel by replacing face-to-face meetings with phone and web conferencing.

Above all, when thinking about making changes to workers terms and conditions, it is essential for employers to talk to their staff and to explain the current position and discuss with them questions of changing conditions rather than simply imposing those changes -- which risks serious morale problems and legal claims for breach of contract. When carrying out such changes, those employers without their own internal human resources team will need advice from a specialist employment lawyer. Redundancy is a complicated area of law and too often employers wrongly use redundancy as the label for sacking employees. This involves significant risks for employers as employment tribunals are becoming very used to this trick and a claim for unfair dismissal claim can be very costly. Employers are well advised not to misuse the term redundancy, unless there is definitely a redundancy situation. Furthermore employers should make sure they know exactly what they are doing and that they follow the correct procedure.

Those employers who manage to apply some of these tips successfully to their own business should be better placed to survive and even thrive in the recession, be well placed for the recovery when it comes and in the meantime keep staff morale high.

About the Author

Tim Bishop is senior partner of Bonallack & Bishop, a firm of UK employment law solicitors with offices in the south-west, offering legal services to private and business clients. Tim has spearheaded the firm's expansion, seeing it grow by 1000% in the last 12 years. He is responsible for major and strategic decisions and sees himself as an entrepeneur who owns a law firm. Tim has firm plans for continued expansion of the firm.

Fiscal Commission Public Forum 6 of 7

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law expat[/mage]
As an Expat contract worker in Norway, can I choose not to avail of any Health Insurances.?

In my first year working here in Norway as a consultant engineer, I was not required to pay for any Health Insurances by my employment agency. When my contract ended, I went back to my home country.

You can get expat health insurance...search the web about it:)

Looking for Job? See How Russia Attracts Foreign Specialists with Rapid Work Permits

Texas Small Business Contract Employment Laws?

I am a small business owner in Texas (one-man operation). I would like to hire some people as contractors to make cold calls for me. The salary would be commission only. What laws or guidelines do I need to know about? Because they'd be contractors, I don't have to worry about paying insurance or unemployment or anything else do I? And I would only pay taxes on their commission, right? Your help is greatly appreciated.

Wow you have an interesting question! Have you thought of asking a lawyer? Probably worried about the cost? What if I can get you unlimited contact with a lawyer for personal and your business questions for less than a 3 dollars a day? I can help you and your business.

http://www.biz.darrenhale.net

Ambit Energy Texas Opportunity Part 1

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]texas employment law contracts[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law tulsa[/mage]

Attorney questions and answers

a case is dropped, should a defendant have to pay attorney fees and court cost?
even if it never went to court AND the defendent didnt hire the opposing attorney?shouldnt be right if you have to as there was no judgement passed in favor of either side. DID YOU PAY THE ATTORNEY IN ADVANCE? DID YOU SIGN A CONTRACT?.

a four year old bill i got sick couldn't pay last year was granted ssi for a disability. Court papers not in
name, but they keep serving me, once i pay an attorney and take him with me, the courts will change the name on the papers to my name right? My guestion is once they see i've only.

A lawyer overcharged me. What can I do? I live in Texas.?
This attorney knew that we were going to drop him and he overcharged us with a big bill at the end. Attorneys seem to have all of the leverage. I live in Texas. What did he overcharge you for? Usually a lawyer tells you before taking your.

A question on ethics?
If I were an attorney at a firm that was to represent a plaintiff in a civil suit and I found that one of my partners owned 500 shares in the buisness of the defendant and another partner represented the co defendant in a child custody battle 10 years ago, would either of these create.

About jail.?
My boss has been in jail for a week. He said that his attorney didnt show up to court last friday so the judge held him in contempt. Is that possible? Someone is being untruthful. If your boss showed up in court for a proceeding where he was the defendant, he could not be jailed for his.

adoption procedures ?
I am going to be adopting a baby and the birth mother wants us to take it home from the hospital. Does anyone know what procedures need to be done to insure it is done legally? We do not have an agency involved in the process. You must either have an attorney or an agency to.

Do I have the ability to bring legal action against my attorney?
Our (chapter 13 bankruptcy) attorney failed to subimit documents to the court. He directly lied to us and told us that he did. We're in the last year of bankruptcy and in need of purchasing a car. He told us almost 3 weeks ago that he submitted.

Do I hire this 1K attorney or file this divorce myself with a kit after 11 yrs and 3 kids & no assets?
The History: Married 11 years ago, he started drinking heavily by the 2nd year of marriage. The drinking turned into long days/nights gone.I was at home w/ the kids carless, no phone at times. He finally.

Making out a will?
My husband of 12 years is part owner of family farm 3 brothers 1 sister, And he has an inheritance coming are question is this, he has no will, Can we make one or do we need an attorney? If something happened to him I would be booted out faster than you could say bye,.

Maryland Divorce Lawyer?
I am getting a divorce in Maryland and need to know of a good place to locate an attorney. I don't want to ask for a referral from any of my work folks because I'm still a little uncomfortable about the whole thing. I tried the bar association but no one ever called me back. Can.

Michael R. Green, attorney,Tulsa, is not listed on Martindale-Hubbell. What does that mean?
Nothing significant. He may have been in practice less than 5 years. You don't get rated until you have 5+ years. He may have chosen not to pay the outrageous price Martindale-Hubbell charges. The best way to find an attorney is to ask everyone you.

My child in Florida wants me to file for custody of her, she is over 14. Where can I get free legal forms?
I already know its her choice and etc, and that a judge will privately ask her etc. so, I cannot afford an attorney, and need the forms, i know you can get them online free, but.

My girlfriend was in a car wreck and pregnant her friend was driving and its her fault what will her claim be?
Claim against the girl friends insurance company. Medical bills, pain and suffering, loss of employment and any thing else that your attorney can dream up. This could pay for the wedding. - Not enough information to.

My husband just recieved a writ of execution.what can they take? Can they take what I purchased before marriag
you better get an attorney fast, in most states whats yours is his and if you put his name on it as an owner then yes they can. - They cannot take what you received before marriage, or anything.

My mother and stepfather died with no will?
my mother died on 11/19/06 because of that it was my responsiblity to look after my step-father due to health issues. He gave me power attorney to take care of things on his behalf.he has no children just me, he changed me to sole beneficary on his life insurance in place.

My mother is on ssi/ medicaid in nm. does anyone know the 'spend-down' policy if she receives an inheritance
Dana, I'm a N.M. attorney and was appointed to represent an 87 year old woman in a nursing home. There a ton of nuances to what allowable assets she can have, but the cash amount is about $5,000. She.

My only sibling has signed power of attorney ,over to an accaintance and he is now in jail for 6yrs?
he owns a business in fl, and has personal assets, that i dont want the poa holder to get ,they havent known each other long, and has been running business since recent incarceration any suggestions? i live in mi..

NEED A LAWYER for Laparoscopic hernia repair and 3 bowel perforations?
If there any attorneys or anyone know of an attorney please, I would appreciate your help. I had a laparoscopic hernia repair along with gall bladder removal, and my small intestine was nicked 3 times. I developed sepsis and peritonitis and was hospitalized for one mth. I have.

Need an attorney to handle privacy act violation in or near springfield ky?
need to know if have a possible case for someone in the medical field giving out personal and confidential medical information without consent or knowledge If you need an attorney that handles privacy act violations try doing a search from the site below. I would put.

Need help getting a affordable attorney?
I live in dallas, texas and i need to find a attorney that i can afford to pay. I'm a mother who is trying to get her kids back (having a custody issue) and having trouble because its hard enough maintaining my house and trying to save for an attorney. Can someone help.

Needing some information about my power of attorney..?
i have a general POA for my husband who is deployed. i am trying to sign an application for free complimentary $2,000 ADD coverage through our credit union. the CU is saying that they can't accept a POA. i have the legal aid office checking on this, but i won't get.

On o.j. not being able to eat in restaraunt question?
o.j. simpsons attorney is upset over this and says he is gonna sue the restaraunt owner.who will win in court?.the owner?..does he have the right to serve who he pleases.Or.o.j..is that discrimination and racist. Maybe the owner decided his presence was causing a disturbance and the safety of the.

Once a bankruptcy is discharged - can it be reversed?
I was discharged from bankruptcy almost 2 years ago and now the Trustee is asking for alot of detailed information that I had already given my attorney in 2005. The 'Original' attorney I hired left the law firm and the 'New' attorney couldn't locate most of my file. If.

Opening Statement as a defense attorney?
How would I be able to make an opening statement that lasts about 3-4 minutes out of this paragraph said by the defendant: 'How in the world would I ever know that there might be a shell in the can of oysters I sold this lady, and how did she rely on my.

Other than being an attorney, what other carrer opportunities are available for law degrees?
or anything having to do with attorneys or judges There are many with law degrees that have ventured into mass media--particularly TV. Many of the analysist on the news programs have law degrees. There are even a few are announcers for automobile races. Also they.

Overseas Pennsylvania Power of attorney U.S. Consulate?
Need an online form I can fax to Vietnam. Need to mortgage the house, it's in my brothers name, but he's overseas and won't be returning, Thus I need a power of attorney. The online forms I see are for in state notaries. What form is adequate for Pennsylvania that would be.

Paul Begala, former Clinton White house figure defined Bill Clintons 'excellence' in the U.K. telegraph?
(quoting)Paul Begala, another key Clinton White House figure, said: 'President Clinton excelled as attorney general and governor of Arkansas, he excelled as president and he's been a model of the modern Senate spouse.' is this what he meant? - The only president ever impeached.

Please Answer Only If You Are A Lawyer or Judge: What exactly is the job of a public defender?
As was answered earlier, a public defender is an attorney appointed to represent an indigent person accused of a criminal offense. Indigent persons have had a right to counsel in all 50 states and at the federal level since.

PLEASE HELP this is very important seriously..?
someone close to me rec'vd an email from a man saying that he is a attorney of a man that passed away with the same last name as my friend and that my friend can get the money from the deasced man. i guess the attorney was left money but he cant.

More law questions please visit : LawFreeFAQ.com

About the Author

LawFreeFAQ.com

Debate on state's climate change law hits home
AZUSA - Automotive engineer and hot rod aficionado Gale Banks pointed to various engines and cars in his shop last week and criticized state regulations for "bogging down" his ability to advance the clean, efficient diesel technology that won those engines awards.
Rahul Gandhi in Wardha (Maharashtra),31-03-2009

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law by country[/affmage]

Rights of the employee/employer can you help me make head or tails of this?

Act 1994+2001-any 6 essential elements that must be contained on the contract

try these links:

http://www.failteireland.ie/performanceplus/home/index.aspx?id=229

http://www.entemp.ie/publications/sis/2001/si473.doc
Hope they're of some use.

Employment Law Ireland

Can anyone help?

identify and name the protected class for each of the human resources laws that are listed below and list the protections under each law.

Disabled people,
People of color
Political pardons
women
viet nam vets
people over 40yrs.
They all help everyone actually, because only in a free society can we really live.

CIA & The Carnaby Affair (Part 2)

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law job postings[/mage]
How do I find an entry level attorney position in CA?

I graduated from UC Hastings in 2007 with an unfortunate 3.0 GPA, but I was on law review. While in school I interned at a plaintiff's firm and two different DA's offices. It took me two tries to pass the bar exam, but now that I have my license I am having no luck finding work.

1. Contract attorney work - there are lots of temporary employment agencies that do this;
2. Special appearance attorney;
3. Craigslist;
4. Have you tried the local PDs and/or DA's offices? I know you mentioned civil litigation, but you can get trial experience with the PD and/or DA;
5. In-house counsel;
6. Do you have any friends who are currently employed as attorneys? See if their firms are hiring. Many times, firms will take someone who is recommended by a current or former employee over someone who just sends in a resume.

Paralegal Jobs in New York City Law Firms For Paralegals Legal Staffing Ediscovery Legal Recruiters

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law job postings[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]employment law job postings[/affmage]

Need to know about Illinois Labor laws. My company makes us work 12 days straight. No Overtime. Is This legal?

I work for a Tradeshow company that makes us work weekends for tradeshows. We are salary employees that work 40 hours per week Monday thru Friday. When shows are scheduled we work an additonal 8 hours per day on Saturday and Sunday. We are then required to work the following week as normal. We don't get paid overtime, and we don't get any additional time off unless we use our vacation time. Is this legal. Can our company force us to work 12 straight days with out time off. All days are at least 8 hour days. I can't see how they can allow us to do that. Management said they can do that because we are salary employees. I can't seem to find the answer on the Illinois state web site for employment issues.

Unfortunately, what your company is doing might be completely legal and in compliance Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) regulations:
http://www.dol.gov/esa/regs/compliance/whd/fairpay/fs17a_overview.htm

Here are more links that might be useful:
http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/wages/overtimepay.htm
http://www.dol.gov/compliance/guide/index.htm

Some links to legal information.
http://www.nolo.com/
http://www.findlaw.com/

Each of the states have similar laws to mentioned above. However, you might contact OSHA and ask if they could refer you to correct resources that would help you to find correct answer.

Unfortunately, there are a lot of companies who do exactly the same as your current employer.

Unemployment Hearing Representation (Employment Law)

Most relevant experience for seeking to work in Govt Intelligence?

Hey there,

You never know what the people in that line of work are looking for. Sometime it isn't really a particular skill or background. Generally they want people that are non-discript, outwardly low keyed, and not particularly noticable. Guys that drive middle of the road cars, wear ordinary cloths, live in suburbia and can maintain that kind of cover because that's really them. On the other hand they need to have that certain 'inside' something that keeps them moving forward, playing the game, accumulating results with out making waves. Think in terms of a modern submarine.....nobody ever see it, yet its always there and always dangerous....they don't call them 'spooks' for nothing. Remember,.... the guy in the garbardine suit is a spy..Simon and Garfunkle!

Davos Open Forum 2010 - "Yes We Can?"

Law degree from a 4th tier US law school - can I use it in a European job market?

I am a getting a law degree from a lowest (lower than 4th tier) small regional law school in US (ABA approved). I don't want to live in US forever and want to settle in Europe. Is there any chance I could use my 4th tier american JD to find any employment in Europe? Does it have any value there? Could I work in United Nations maybe? Unfortunately, my grades are not stellar (top 50%), but I speak multiple languages.

A JD from a TTTT law school with a low GPA is not going to help you find employment in Europe. As you probably already know, you will not be qualified for admission to practice law in any European country with a U.S. JD. To the extent there are positions in the UN that require a JD with your credentials you are going to be put at the bottom of the list of candidates if you are even put on the list at all, which makes the prospects of being hired by an employer like the UN based on your JD very low. The only way your JD might help in this situation is if you can get hired in the United States as a lawyer and build up some strong work experience on your resume relevant to whatever job for which the UN is seeking JD degree holders.

The European Private International Law of Obligations

Ex-Military: Is it possible to edit or amend medical/psycological record?

I served 4 years in the military, but during my last two years I suffered a great deal with OCD. Things got so bad that I was eventually medically discharched. I have made so much progress in my life since then that it seems to me that I am pretty much cured. I have not had a single instance or episode in at almost 2 years. It never crossed my mind that I could be discreminated against due to my past problems until I tried to look for employment in law enforcement. I have absolutly no criminal record or anything negative for that matter besides my bout with OCD. I have been screened out 3 times since I have been trying to get in. I want to know if there is (ANY!!!) way with legal help or whatever to help get this behind me? I can prove my health is perfectly fine, but it does'nt seem to be good enough. I need to figure out a way to amend my past medical history. Please anybody, help in this matter is greatly appreciated.

Jesse,

Sorry to hear of your difficulties.

Your best course if action is to see whether you can upgrade your discharge code (the thing that appears on your DD-214). You'll probably have to provide documentation that your OCD has improved and you have been able to lead a normal life. By the way - there is a very strong chance that you may not be able to change the code. If that is the case, it will always be on your record. It's still worth a shot, though.

In addition, when you go to police deparments, you may want to bring a notarized statement from a psychiatrist that states that you're able to function normally. That may help to clear up their concerns.

Good luck.

Employment Paralegal Jobs - LawCrossing.com

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]labor and employment law opportunities[/mage]
I did not receive my final paycheck?

A view weeks ago I quit my job because I had a much better opportunity coming up for me. Since employment with this company was at will I was not required to give them 2 weeks notice. On March 2nd was payday (normal pay period), and I should have received my final paycheck in the mail. But unfortunately I didn't get paid.
Does anyone know the labor law in CO and how much time the employer actually has to send the final paycheck.
What can I do if I don't get the paycheck within the next few days?

found this website http://www.coworkforce.com/LAB/

and it has what u are asking about and how to file a complaint against your former employer..should be helpful...good luck

Sacramento Labor Lawyers - Mastagni, Holstedt, Amick, Miller & Johnsen

Can anybody help with employment law in Higher Education (UK)?

I am seeing advice about a pro-rata contract dispute between the University and a part-time member of staff, can anybody point me in the direcion of some good employment law advice - preferably free. I am in the UK. thanks

http://www.acas.org.uk
They will help you with this, I have used them loads!!

Contracts for Freelancers - Part 2 - Legal River

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law part time contracts[/affmage]

"The Letter"

This is reprint of a letter from a most disgrunteled American. This reprint is being transmitted with approval of the author, Mrs Contraes and Glenn Beck. The author has succintly encapulsated my views and frustrations, and from the forced crashing of FNS/Glenn Beck web site, the views of millions of other Americans as well.

Take a few moments out of your busy day and carefully read her words. I've read few essays as powerful.

GLENN: I got a letter from a woman in Arizona. She writes an open letter to our nation's leadership: I'm a home grown American citizen, 53, registered Democrat all my life. Before the last presidential election I registered as a Republican because I no longer felt the Democratic Party represents my views or works to pursue issues important to me. Now I no longer feel the Republican Party represents my views or works to pursue issues important to me. The fact is I no longer feel any political party or representative in Washington represents my views or works to pursue the issues important to me. There must be someone. Please tell me who you are. Please stand up and tell me that you are there and that you're willing to fight for our Constitution as it was written. Please stand up now. You might ask yourself what my views and issues are that I would horribly feel so disenfranchised by both major political parties. What kind of nut job am I? Will you please tell me?

Well, these are briefly my views and issues for which I seek representation:

One, illegal immigration. I want you to stop coddling illegal immigrants and secure our borders. Close the underground tunnels. Stop the violence and the trafficking in drugs and people. No amnesty, not again. Been there, done that, no resolution. P.S., I'm not a racist. This isn't to be confused with legal immigration.

Glenn Beck's Common Sense
Now available in book stores nationwide...

Two, the TARP bill, I want it repealed and I want no further funding supplied to it. We told you no, but you did it anyway. I want the remaining unfunded 95% repealed. Freeze, repeal.

Three: Czars, I want the circumvention of our checks and balances stopped immediately. Fire the czars. No more czars. Government officials answer to the process, not to the president. Stop trampling on our Constitution and honor it.

Four, cap and trade. The debate on global warming is not over. There is more to say.

Five, universal healthcare. I will not be rushed into another expensive decision. Don't you dare try to pass this in the middle of the night and then go on break. Slow down!

Six, growing government control. I want states rights and sovereignty fully restored. I want less government in my life, not more. Shrink it down. Mind your own business. You have enough to take care of with your real obligations. Why don't you start there.

Seven, ACORN. I do not want ACORN and its affiliates in charge of our 2010 census. I want them investigated. I also do not want mandatory escrow fees contributed to them every time on every real estate deal that closes. Stop the funding to ACORN and its affiliates pending impartial audits and investigations. I do not trust them with taking the census over with our taxpayer money. I don't trust them with our taxpayer money. Face up to the allegations against them and get it resolved before taxpayers get any more involved with them. If it walks like a duck and talks like a duck, hello. Stop protecting your political buddies. You work for us, the people. Investigate.

Eight, redistribution of wealth. No, no, no. I work for my money. It is mine. I have always worked for people with more money than I have because they gave me jobs. That is the only redistribution of wealth that I will support. I never got a job from a poor person. Why do you want me to hate my employers? Why ?? what do you have against shareholders making a profit?

Nine, charitable contributions. Although I never got a job from a poor person, I have helped many in need. Charity belongs in our local communities, where we know our needs best and can use our local talent and our local resources. Butt out, please. We want to do it ourselves.

Ten, corporate bailouts. Knock it off. Sink or swim like the rest of us. If there are hard times ahead, we'll be better off just getting into it and letting the strong survive. Quick and painful. Have you ever ripped off a Band?Aid? We will pull together. Great things happen in America under great hardship. Give us the chance to innovate. We cannot disappoint you more than you have disappointed us.

Eleven, transparency and accountability. How about it? No, really, how about it? Let's have it. Let's say we give the buzzwords a rest and have some straight honest talk. Please try ?? please stop manipulating and trying to appease me with clever wording. I am not the idiot you obviously take me for. Stop sneaking around and meeting in back rooms making deals with your friends. It will only be a prelude to your criminal investigation. Stop hiding things from me.

Twelve, unprecedented quick spending. Stop it now.

Take a breath. Listen to the people. Let's just slow down and get some input from some nonpoliticians on the subject. Stop making everything an emergency. Stop speed reading our bills into law. I am not an activist. I am not a community organizer. Nor am I a terrorist, a militant or a violent person. I am a parent and a grandparent. I work. I'm busy. I'm busy. I am busy, and I am tired. I thought we elected competent people to take care of the business of government so that we could work, raise our families, pay our bills, have a little recreation, complain about taxes, endure our hardships, pursue our personal goals, cut our lawn, wash our cars on the weekends and be responsible contributing members of society and teach our children to be the same all while living in the home of the free and land of the brave.

I entrusted you with upholding the Constitution. I believed in the checks and balances to keep from getting far off course. What happened? You are very far off course. Do you really think I find humor in the hiring of a speed reader to unintelligently ramble all through a bill that you signed into law without knowing what it contained? I do not. It is a mockery of the responsibility I have entrusted to you. It is a slap in the face. I am not laughing at your arrogance. Why is it that I feel as if you would not trust me to make a single decision about my own life and how I would live it but you should expect that I should trust you with the debt that you have laid on all of us and our children. We did not want the TARP bill. We said no. We would repeal it if we could. I am sure that we still cannot. There is such urgency and recklessness in all of the recent spending.

From my perspective, it seems that all of you have gone insane. I also know that I am far from alone in these feelings. Do you honestly feel that your current pursuits have merit to patriotic Americans? We want it to stop. We want to put the brakes on everything that is being rushed by us and forced upon us. We want our voice back. You have forced us to put our lives on hold to straighten out the mess that you are making. We will have to give up our vacations, our time spent with our children, any relaxation time we may have had and money we cannot afford to spend on you to bring our concerns to Washington. Our president often knows all the right buzzword is unsustainable. Well, no kidding. How many tens of thousands of dollars did the focus group cost to come up with that word? We don't want your overpriced words. Stop treating us like we're morons.

We want all of you to stop focusing on your reelection and do the job we want done, not the job you want done or the job your party wants done. You work for us and at this rate I guarantee you not for long because we are coming. We will be heard and we will be represented. You think we're so busy with our lives that we will never come for you? We are the formerly silent majority, all of us who quietly work , pay taxes, obey the law, vote, save money, keep our noses to the grindstone and we are now looking up at you. You have awakened us, the patriotic spirit so strong and so powerful that it had been sleeping too long. You have pushed us too far. Our numbers are great. They may surprise you. For every one of us who will be there, there will be hundreds more that could not come. Unlike you, we have their trust. We will represent them honestly, rest assured. They will be at the polls on voting day to usher you out of office. We have cancelled vacations. We will use our last few dollars saved. We will find the representation among us and a grassroots campaign will flourish. We didn't ask for this fight. But the gloves are coming off. We do not come in violence, but we are angry. You will represent us or you will be replaced with someone who will. There are candidates among us when hewill rise like a Phoenix from the ashes that you have made of our constitution.

Democrat, Republican, independent, libertarian. Understand this. We don't care. Political parties are meaningless to us. Patriotic Americans are willing to do right by us and our Constitution and that is all that matters to us now. We are going to fire all of you who abuse power and seek more. It is not your power. It is ours and we want it back. We entrusted you with it and you abused it. You are dishonorable. You are dishonest. As Americans we are ashamed of you. You have brought shame to us. If you are not representing the wants and needs of your constituency loudly and consistently, in spite of the objections of your party, you will be fired. Did you hear? We no longer care about your political parties. You need to be loyal to us, not to them. Because we will get you fired and they will not save you. If you do or can represent me, my issues, my views, please stand up. Make your identity known. You need to make some noise about it. Speak up. I need to know who you are. If you do not speak up, you will be herded out with the rest of the sheep and we will replace the whole damn congress if need be one by one. We are coming. Are we coming for you? Who do you represent? What do you represent? Listen. Because we are coming. We the people are coming.

About the Author

When I retired after 35 years as a mortgage banker, I thought my "working" days were finished. I was enjoying the"good" life traveling the country in my motorhome with my wife, Carolyn and Max, our Bichon. Throughout my life, I always was an MLM junkie becoming involved in at least 15 different programs achieving various levels of success. After retirement, I thought my addiction to MLM was in the past. But alas, I stumbled upon another program that really grabbed my attention, and once again I'm doing the "business". What I have this time is a unique and very marketable, non-competitive product, an upline to die for and Magnetic Sponsoring.
http://wallysweb.ws

LER100 - George Apaliski Introduction

Should there be a law that prevents employers from posting jobs and withdrawing them from applicants?

I applied for 2 jobs at a state employment recruiting office for the same company. Three weeks went by and I had absolutely no response. I notified the employer today and they stated that they were running slow; therefore, they were not hiring. Should this be illegal?
Seriously, what do employers think applicants are? Fish?

We are in a RECESSION. The employers have everything in their favor right now so they feel that they can treat applicants like crap. I have never seen the business world so cruel. The only advice I can offer is: toughen up. I am sorry, but it is very tough right now.

Nadine Bocelli & Company, Inc. - New York Legal Staffing Services

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law online advice[/mage]
I'm looking for legal/professional advice. What are the steps in forming a freelance part-time company?

I'm looking to start a freelance illustration company. I have a full time employment, but wish to get my illustration company up and running, part-time only. It would only be one employee, myself. I need to find any information as to what steps to take in regards to IRS, New Jersey law. As my business will be an online service.

Given the potential legal liabilities that could be tied to an illustration company, copyright infringement being one of them, it would be prudent for you to incorporate your business. Incorporating your business will afford you some measure of protection to your personal assets if someone should sue your business. You will need to file a certificate of incorporation or you can incorporate online with New Jersey at https://www.state.nj.us/cgi-bin/treasury/revenue/dcr/filing/page1.cgi

After incorporating, the next step is to get a federal tax ID number for the corporation (called an Employer Identification Number) from the IRS by applying at https://sa2.www4.irs.gov/modiein/individual/index.jsp

After that you are going to want to make what is known as an S-election for your corporation with the IRS within 75 days of your incorporation. The form to make the election can be found at http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f2553.pdf and the instructions can be found at http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i2553.pdf

You will want to make a corresponding election with New Jersey. The form and instructions can be found at http://www.state.nj.us/treasury/revenue/sub-s.pdf

What these elections do is prevent you from having your income taxed twice, once as corporate income and a second time as personal income and/or dividend income when you transfer income from the corporation to you. Instead it gets treated as a disregarded entity and your income is only taxed once on your personal income tax return.

Even with this general outline, it may be confusing for you to navigate the entire process on your own. You may want to consider having an attorney handle the process for you.

Good luck.

Marc Tow from www.TowLaw.com a Real Estate Attorney

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law online advice[/affmage]

New York State Child support laws?

My fiance' was unemployed due to lay offs for 7 months and had the courts adjust his child support to a feasible amount, so that we were able to provide for ourselves and our children. Now that he has found new employment and his ex petitions the court, will they go back to what he was paying according to court order before, or will the adjust everything again going by his new job? According to the laws of NY state, child support can not be adjusted for 2 years, and it has only been 1 year since they last adjusted it. Just curious if anyone has had the same experience?

Look up NY Fathers for equal rights and call them. This will also help.

http://tinyurl.com/ChildSupportModification
http://tinyurl.com/StepFamilies
http://tinyurl.com/Custody-Can-A-Father-Win
http://tinyurl.com/ChildSupportTrustFund

New York Employment Discrimination NYC Lawyers

BLR Announces Dates, Location for 2010 National Employment Law Update Conference
Educational Sessions to Inform and Prepare Employers and HR Professionals for Changes Ahead (PRWeb May 10, 2010) Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2010/05/prweb3974674.htm
1/2: Harvey Birdman - S&S Employee Orientation Video

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law cases employees[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]employment law cases employees[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]labor and employment law milwaukee[/mage]
Photo Release -- Orion Energy System's Apollo(R) Light Pipe Included in Landmark Renewable Energy Legislation Signed ...
MANITOWOC, Wis. -- Orion Energy Systems, Inc. thanks Wisconsin Gov. Jim Doyle for his leadership in signing into law forward-thinking legislation that will improve the environment and create jobs statewide.

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law qatar[/mage]
How highly would an Oxford Law degree be seen with regards to employment prospects in the Middle East?

I will soon complete a law degree at Oxford and then have plans to seek employment in the Middle East. I already have much family in the region as i am half Lebanese...many of whom work in Qatar and dubai and other small emirates. What employment prospects would i get in such gulf countries with my degree and would it be regarded very hgihly? I have heard that degrees speak volumes in the middle east, and was wondering if anybody had any insights to add. Are the salaries much greater for jobs such as lawyer or investment bankers? I do understand that much of the finaical benefit is felt due to the absence of income tax but what are the differentials in salary? I am just curious about whether to remain in England and search for a job or move out.. I also love the culture and feel it would be a great experience. If it helps, my potential career will almost certainly be either lawyer or investment banker. Thoughts/experiences would be appreciated. Many thanks, Steve

Have a look on www.emiratesvillage.com
You can talk directly to employers and also list your details so the employers can contact you.
Best of all, its all FREE.

Filing a Workplace Discrimination Lawsuit

Laws centering around employment and the workplace are usually quite different from most other law related fields because, generally speaking, several different conditions need to be satisfied before litigation can get underway.


In Texas for instance, someone who is claiming to be a victim of employment discrimination on the basis of gender, age, race, nationality, or disability must first file an official Charge of Discrimination with one of two government agents: the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) or the Texas Workforce Commission/Division of Civil Rights. A qualified Texas employment attorney will usually be willing and able to help you file these charges before proceeding.


Time is of the utmost essence and is absolutely critical and is a complicated aspect of employment discrimination claims. Generally, discrimination charges must be filed within a timeframe of 180 days (6 months) of a discriminatory event, such as an unlawful termination.


However there are provisions for filing later - using Texas as an example again, Houston labor lawyers have successfully filed as late as 300 days after the discriminatory event occurred. Typically, as recent reports have confirmed, those who are hasty in charging files (within the recommended 180 day time frame) will have more strategic options and will have a better chance of reaching settlements. Therefore it is highly recommended that filing take place during the first six months.


In Texas, when a victim files a Charge of Discrimination with the EEOC, it is then filed with the Texas Workforce Commission/Division of Civil Rights. Once the EEOC has completed their investigations, which may be conducted by the EEOC itself, a right to sue letter is provided giving you 90 days from its receipt to file a lawsuit in Federal Court against the accused job discriminator.


However, it is preferable, in some situations, to also request a right to sue letter from the workforce Commission/Division of Civil Rights. This right to sue letter provides a 60 day time frame in which to file suit. If the employer in question is based within the state, Federal Court (in a somewhat more difficult forum for employees to prevail) can be avoided and suit can be filed through the state's court system, which is typically a more favorable forum by which to sue.


Once a suit is filed, you are increasingly reliant on your attorney to provide the research, dedication and knowledge to see that you are successful in your lawsuit. There are numerous other strategic considerations concerning the discrimination laws. A qualified Texas labor lawyer could be the difference in justice and disappointment. On-job discrimination is not to be taken lightly.

About the Author

Art Gib writes for Rosenberg Law (http://www.rosenberglaw.com), a Texas Employment Attorney law firm specializing in labor law and job discrimination based in Houston, Texas.

Litigation Accounting Expert Witness Services In Houston Texas

Employment Law Training Suggests Employers Offer Alternative Jobs Before Redundancies

Several tips and pitfalls for employers regarding offering and moving employees to new jobs as an alternative to making staff redundant. Employment Law Training offers UK businesses the full picture of options when axing staff looms.

Employers facing a round of tough redundancies should consider offering staff alternative jobs instead.

In today’s increasingly competitive marketplace, some employers may well find they face tough decisions, with the harsh reality being that they have no option but to make some of their workers redundant.

This is obviously a difficult situation, but one which more and more companies are faced with as the economy struggles to cope on the verge of a possible recession.

But have you considered all the options – don’t just jump in straight away and take the drastic step of axing staff without exploring every other possible approach.

Could you for instance minimise the impact of your difficult position by finding alternative roles for those staff within your organisation instead? It may take time to work this out and solve the jigsaw puzzle of moving people around between different departments, but it could be well worth the patience and effort.

This approach though may seem to be the perfect solution, and could save you from the dreaded redundancy announcement.

But employers need to make sure they stay on the right side of the Employment Rights Act 1996 when it comes to managing the process.

You don’t want to find that simply by trying to help your employees, you are contravening the rules and getting your company into trouble.

The Employment Appeal Tribunal has also set out new guidelines to explain how you should manage the offer of an alternative job and there are definitely pitfalls you need to avoid.

Employers should offer the person a trial period in the new potential job, usually four weeks is the right kind of timescale as it will give you, and them, the chance to carefully assess whether it’s a suitable move.

Communicate clearly to the employees involved how the trial period for an alternative job will operate, right from the start – don’t leave them in any doubt about where they stand.

Ensure they know that if they want to turn down the new job, they must do it within the four-week period, because if they don’t, and the four-week deadline passes without a formal decision, they could forfeit their right to a statutory redundancy payment.

Make sure too that any proposed alternative employment is actually suitable for the employee involved, and not just a position where you happen to have a vacancy.

Offering your staff a job which you know will be beyond their skills or totally out of their remit could put you at risk of an unfair dismissal claim.

It’s completely understandable that bosses should want to try to help their staff, particularly if they’ve been with your company a long time, but make sure you’re operating within the guidelines, and that an alternative job offer really is appropriate.

You don’t want to make a difficult situation even worse by raising their hopes of avoiding the axe with a possible new job offer, only to find that it’s not right for you or them, and they are faced with being made redundant after all.

This article is free to republish provided the authors resource box below remains intact.

About the Author

John Mehtam is a specialist Employment Law Solicitor and heads the employment law team at Martin Kaye Solicitors. John runs numerous presentations on this specialist subject and offers Employment Law Training.

Can Employers Force Workers to Retire?

Human Resources Outsourcing Maintains Double-Digit Growth

Human Resources gained a permanent role in the American workplace during the 1950s, as the evolution of employment-related laws and sociological trends took shape. However, the past 20 years have witnesses an unprecedented rise of employment litigation, labor regulations, and tax laws far beyond the expectation of their originators.


Effectively managing Human Resources has become a daunting and complex task for small to mid-market business owners. U.S. corporations must grapple with one of the most complicated systems of employment laws in the world. This includes a laundry list of unfriendly policies, including laws governing hiring and termination, family leave, sexual harassment, paying employees, leaves of absence, employee benefits, and workers' compensation. In just the first months of 2007, dozens of laws dealing with every subject from discrimination to wage deduction have been enacted.


Putting HR in Expert Hands


One solution for frustrated business owners is to turn to Human Resources Outsourcing. An HR Outsourcing firm allows companies to shift responsibility of nonessential jobs that can be handled easily, and inexpensively, by off-site experts. An HRO Firm can either specialize in a niche service, or in a wide range of management and strategic solutions. These broadly include:


• Labor Law Consulting

• Management Training and Employee Development

• Employment Paperwork Administration

• Employee Benefits Packages and Administration

• Risk Management and Safety Services

• Payroll and Tax Services

• Insurance Solutions, including Workers' Compensation and EPLI (Employee Practices Liability Insurance)


In a recent survey by the Society for Human Resource Management, or SHRM, professionals in the industry were asked their opinions on HR outsourcing. Reasons to consider outsourcing included saving money, focusing on strategy, improving compliance, improving accuracy, lacking experience in-house, taking advantage of technological advances, and offering services they could not offer.


In that same SHRM report, HR professionals said the top function outsourced was 401k administration, along with training, health care and employee benefits administration, payroll, staffing, background checks, recruitment and policy writing.


Once HR and other operations are outsourced, many companies experience a strong return on investment, according to a recent survey of American executives. The 2006 survey of executives at the IDC Midwest Conference in Chicago showed nearly 85 percent of the respondents saved as much as they spent on outsourcing, with 26.4 percent reporting a savings of twice as much. And the savings, according to nearly 95 percent of the respondents, went toward operational performance and innovation, which improved shareholder value.


According to IDC, a market intelligence firm based in Massachusetts, companies worldwide are expected to spend more than $103.3 billion just on Human Resource Outsourcing this year, up significantly from the $61.2 billion spent in 2002. In the U.S., HR Outsourcing is the fastest-growing segment of business process outsourcing (BPO) and is expected to grow annually at a rate of 16 percent.


The frustration brought on by the government's obtrusive standards can be offset by the value found in HR Outsourcing. As any business who has experienced the benefits of HR Outsourcing will say, they finally have the peace of mind and time to focus on the only thing in business that really matters: their bottom line.

About the Author


Ari Rosenstein is the Director of Marketing for CPE HR, Inc, an HR Outsourcing and PEO firm servicing the small and mid-sized business sector. With more than 13,000 worksite employees in 24 states, CPEhr is one of the largest privately-held HRO firms in the nation. To learn more about HR Outsourcing, visit CPEhr at
http://cpehr.com
.

New York Legal Secretarial Jobs Law Secretaries Legal Secretary Jobs in NY

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law wages uk[/mage]

Employment Contracts: Workers' Written Statement Rights

AN OUTLINE OF THE TERMS WHICH SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN ALL CONTRACTS of EMPLOYMENT

There exists a contract between each employee and employer which is not necessarily, but is preferred to be, in writing, not necessarily as a single, and often more than one, document readily accessible, containing in a written statement which must be issued to the employee by the employer within a period of not longer than two months from the date of the commencement of the employment, if the employee works more than eight hours per week and has continuously been employed for at least one month, which must contain the major terms of the contract of employment ~of which some are express terms and found also in itemised pay or salary slips and notices and in such other documents as work-rules and relating to any collective agreements affecting and not by the individual employee contracted with objected to -as well as in verbal exchanges such as oral instructions (if only can be proven, in practice), and some are legally bindingly implied terms in common-law and/or by custom and practice and increasingly by statute.

>>>Section 1 of the Employment Rights Act 1996, as amended, treats the written two-month statement as being the most crucial and important source of the express terms of the contract of employment which the Act requires that must include the following:

i... The names of both the employer and the employee;

ii... the date of commencement of the employment;

iii... the remuneration -including the method of payment and at what intervals paid ~and in the case employment outside the UK longer than one month extra pay;

iv... the holiday and sick-leave entitlements;

v... pensions and pension schemes;

vi... notice requirements -or reference to statutory entitlements if not better;

vii… the area of employment -indicating if place of work is more than one;

viii... the job-title and description -which may be brief;

ix... details of the disciplinary and grievance procedures -ACAS's are regarded the minimum.

>>>As to implied terms, there exist in common-law and by statute a number of duties of which some are on the part of the employee, and those binding on, or also on, the employer are...

i… Mutual respect.. in Warner -v- Barbers Stores 1978 refusal to give leave of absence to attend to a domestic crisis was breach of contract, as was to swear at the employee in Palmanor -v- Cedron 1977 but if in that particular trade in common use Futty -v- Brekkers 1975 might excuse it, and to have been heard by another speaking derogatorily of the employee also was a breach in Isle of Wight Tourist Board -v- Coombes 1978...

ii... Remunerating and paying wages so long as the employee is available for work, even if no work is provided -unless collectively or as guarantee payments in cases of short-time work or lay-offs…

iii... Provision of Work.. for.. in Devon -v- Roser & Son 1906 one might be on piece-work or Turner -v- Goldsmith 1891 commission-wise might suffer, at any rate Provincial Financial Group -v- Hayward 1989 is entitled to practise and retain his skill -Clayton -v- Oliver 1930 it may affect his reputation…

iv... Indemnifying.. any expenses employee reasonably incurred the course his job…

v... References.. if chooses to give about the employee to another, with care must do so, Spring -v- Guardian Assurance plc 1994 else he may be liable to the (former) employee for negligence or recklessness for any loss so caused…

vi... Confidentiality.. of the details furnished by the employee must not without his permission without a right in law to do so be broken, for they were not in Dagleish -v- Lothian Border Police Board 1991 in the public domain and an injunction prevented disclosure for identifying non-payers of poll-tax…

vii... Care in safety.. must be not less than reasonable in providing and maintaining a safe place of work as well as tools and equipment and competent colleagues -Walker -v- Northumberland County Council 1944: else may be liable to the employee for any physical injury or psychiatric harm.

viii… By statute implied terms include those below:

a… Paid maternity leave and job protection;

b… time off for union activities or to seek work if under redundancy notice;

c... a safe system of work;

d... guarantee and statutory sick pay;

e... equal opportunities regardless of race, gender, marital status;

f… not to dismiss wrongfully, nor unfairly -including constructively.

An employee has the right to ask an employment tribunal has the obligation to order an employer to issue these and, if the Written Statement is not in issued or not in full or clear, in case of employment termination or any other employment dispute to deem it issued as statutorily required and binding in determining the matter -as well as to hold the employer in breach of the laws relating to contracts of employment.

This is an outline –laws change, always ascertain current law.

About the Author

The author's favourite site is Teacher of Teachers

Statement Re' PRS for Music (UK) by 12semitones Music

Importance Of Employment Contracts - Know Their Value

Anyone who works for an employer for a regular wage or salary automatically has a contract of employment, regardless of whether it is written or not. The majority of employees work under open-ended contracts of employment. In other words, the contract continues until such time as the employer or employee ends it.


Many other employees however, work under fixed-term or specified-purpose contracts which are contracts which end on a specified date or when a specific task is completed.

The contract of employment will include some or all of the following elements (regardless of whether the employer and employee have specified them or not):


The terms that the courts say are in every contract of employment. Examples include the duty of every employer to provide a safe workplace and the duty of every employee to carry out the job to the best of his/her ability. This part of the contract is occasionally referred to as "common law".


Terms that must be part of the contract as a result of laws passed. Examples include the right to take maternity leave. Such terms are part of the contract of employment even if the employer and employee do not specifically include them and replace any agreement between the employer and employee not to apply the particular law. So, the statutory right to take maternity leave overrides any agreement between the employer and employee that the employee will not take maternity leave.


Terms and conditions states must be in every contract, for example, the right of an employee to join a trade union.

Collective agreements


Joint Labor Committee Regulations


In addition, custom and practice in a particular workplace may form part of a contract. An example would be a particular level of overtime pay for employees.


In the case of these items instead of giving each employee the details in writing, the employer may refer an employee to other documents, for example, a pension scheme booklet or a collective agreement, provided that the employee has easy access to such documents.


The statement of terms must indicate the reference period being used by the employer for the purposes of the calculation of the employee's entitlements under the Minimum Wage Act, 2000. (Under that Act the employer may calculate the employee's minimum wage entitlement over a reference period that is no less than one week and no greater than one month).


The statement of terms must also inform the employee that he/she has the right to ask the employer for a written statement of his/her average hourly rate of pay for any reference period (except the current reference period) in the 12 months prior to the date of the employee's request.


Note. Specific provisions in contract of employment

In recent times, some employers are adding in specific provisions in contract of employment that limit the ability of employees to work in a certain sector, with certain suppliers, clients, for a period following termination of employment. (For example, it may specifically state that the employee cannot work in a certain sector, with or for suppliers or clients of the former employer, etc.). There is nothing in employment law in that strictly forbids this, but there is no provision in employment law that allows this either.


Essentially, this is an issue of contract law - that is, the contract of employment signed and agreed between the employer and employee. If you have any concerns about this issue, you are strongly advised to seek legal advice from a competent legal professional in advance of signing this contract of employment. However, even if the contract of employment is signed, you are always free to seek such legal advice. Attorney fees can vary widely so shop around and obtain some quotes for legal advice before you proceed.


Note. Probationary period

The contract can include a probationary period and can allow for this period to be extended. The Unfair Dismissals Acts will not apply to the dismissal of an employee during a period at the beginning of employment when he/she is on probation or undergoing training provided that:


* the contract of employment is in writing

* the duration of probation or training is one year or less and is specified in the contract.


The above exclusion from the Acts will not apply if the dismissal results from trade union membership or activity, pregnancy related matters, or entitlements under the maternity protection, parental leave, adoptive leave and career's leave legislation.


Changes to your contract of employment.


Changes to your contract of employment can occur due to a change in the law, but otherwise, changes must be agreed between your employer and yourself. The requirement for both the employer's and the employee's consent to changes in the terms of the contract is part of contract law.


From the above information you will see that the contract of employment is a very important document to have. Whenever you get hired, ensure that your new employer offers you this kind of security. Be cautious of employers who don't give contract of employment.

About the Author

Abhishek is a Career Counselor and he has got some great Career Planning Secrets up his sleeves! Download his FREE 71 Pages Ebook, "Career Planning Made Easy!" from his website http://www.Career-Guru.com/769/index.htm . Only limited Free Copies available.

Employment Lawyers Jobs

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]labor and employment law bulletin[/mage]

STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM UNDERDEVELOPED NATION (Nepal)

 Proposal Writing for:

STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM UNDERDEVELOPED NATION (Nepal)

By

Jyoti Koirala (get2jyoti@gmail.com)

A Research Proposal Submitted to:

Faculty Members

Business or Economics Departmen

August, 2009

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1. General Background

Stock market development has an important role to play in economic development. Shahbaz and his friends (2008) argue that stock market development is an important wheel for economic growth as there is a long-run relationship between stock market development and economic growth. Stock market development has the direct impact in corporate finance and economic development.

Gerald (2006) states that stock market development is important because financial intermediation supports the investment process by mobilizing household and foreign savings for investment by firms. It ensures that these funds are allocated to the most productive use and spreading risk and providing liquidity so that firms can operate the new capacity efficiently. A growing body of literature has affirmed the importance of financial system to economic growth.

Financial markets, especially stock markets, have grown considerably in developed and developing countries over the last two decades. Claessens, et al (2004) states that several factors have aided in their growth, importantly improved macroeconomic fundamentals, such as more monetary stability and higher economic growth. General economic and specific capital markets reforms, including privatization of state-owned enterprises, financial liberalization, and an improved institutional framework for investors, have further encouraged capital markets development.

Similarly Mishkin (2001) states that a well-developed financial system promotes investment by identifying and financing lucrative business opportunities, mobilizing savings, allocating resources efficiently, helping diversify risks and facilitating the exchange of goods and services

From the view point of Sharpe, et al (1999), stock market is a mechanism through which the transaction of financial assets with life span of greater than one year takes place. Financial assets may take different forms ranging from the long-term government bonds to ordinary shares of various companies. Stock market is a very important constituent of capital market where the shares of various firms are traded Trading of the shares may take place in two different forms of stock market. When the issuing firm sells its shares to the investors, the transaction is said to have taken place in the primary market but when already issued shares of firms are traded among investors the transaction is said to have taken place in the secondary market.

Stock markets are very important because they play a significant role in the economy by channeling investment where it is needed and can be put to best (Liberman and Fergusson, 1998). The stock market is working as the channel through which the public savings are channelized to industrial and business enterprises. Mobilization of such resources for investment is certainly a necessary condition for economic take off, but quality of their allocation to various investment projects is an important factor for growth. This is precisely what an efficient stock market does to the economy (Berthelemy and Varoudakis, 1996).

Earlier research emphasized on the role of the banking sector in the economic growth of nation. In the past decade, the world stock markets surged, and emerging markets accounted for a large amount of this boom (Demirguc-Kunt and Levine (1996a).  Recent research has begun to focus on the linkages between the stock markets and economic development. New theoretical work shows how stock market development might boost long-run economic growth and new empirical evidence supports this view. Demirguc-Kunt and Levine (1996a), Singh (1997), and Levine and Zervos (1998) find that stock market development is playing an important role in predicting future economic growth.

In underdeveloped like Nepal the development and growth of stock markets have been widespread in recent times. Despite the size and illiquid nature of stock market, its continued existence and development could have important implications for economic activity. For instance, Pardy (1992) has noted that even in less developed countries capital markets are able to mobilize domestic savings and able to allocate funds more efficiently. Thus stock markets can play a role in inducing economic growth in less developed country like Nepal by channeling investment where it needed from public.  Mobilization of such resources to various sectors certainly helps in economic development and growth. Stock market development has assumed a developmental role in global economics and finance because of their impact they have exerted in corporate finance and economic activity. The role of financial system is considered to be the key to economic growth (Neupane, et. al. 2006).

Paudel (2005) states that stock markets, due to their liquidity, enable firms to acquire much needed capital quickly, hence facilitating capital allocation, investment and growth. Stock market activity is thus rapidly playing an important role in helping to determine the level of economic activities in most economies.

Tuladhar (1996) states that financial markets are catalyst in the development of economy. The study further added that developed economies have highly sophisticated financial institutions. Over the past decade, many developing economies have established capital markets as they moved towards more liberal economic policies. These emerging markets have shown extraordinary growth with very high volatility, which have attracted many investors into these markets.

This study will attempt to dig out the empirical evidence in the context of underdeveloped nations regarding the role of stock market development on economic growth.
1.2. Statement of the Problem:

In the last two decades, the link between financial intermediation and economic growth is a subject of high interest among academics, policy makers and economists around the world. There have been attempts to empirically assess the role of stock market and economic growth. The link between stock market and growth has varied in methods and results. There exists two controversies in the predictions.

Adjasi and Biekpe (2005) found a significant positive impact of stock market development on economic growth in countries classified as upper middle-income economies. In the same way, Chen et al (2004) elaborated that the nexus between stock returns and output growth and the rate of stock returns is a leading indicator of output growth Arestic et al. (2001) using time-series on five industrialized countries also indicate that stock markets play a role in growth. Various studies such as Spears, (1991); Levine and Zervos, (1998); Atje and Jovanovic, (1993); Comincioli, (1996); Levine and Zervos, (1998); Filer et al, (1999); Tuncer and Alovsat, (2001). Levine and Zervos (1995) and, Demirguc-Kunt (1994) has supported the view .stock markets promote economic growth..With well-functional financial sector or banking sector, stock markets can give a big boost to economic development (Rousseau & Wachtel, 2000; Beck & Levine, 2003). Bahadur and Neupane (2006) concluded that stock markets fluctuations predicted the future growth of an economy and causality is found in real variables.

There are also alternate views about the role stock markets play in economic growth. Apart from the view that stock markets may be having no real effect on growth, there are theoretical constructs that show that stock market development may actually hurt economic growth. For instance, Stiglitz (1985, 1994), Shleifer and Vishny (1986), Bencivenga and Smith (1991) and Bhide (1993) note that stock markets can actually harm economic growth. They argue that due to their liquidity, stock markets may hurt growth since savings rates may reduce due to externalities in capital accumulation. Diffuse ownership may also negatively affect corporate governance and invariably the performance of listed firms, thus impeding the growth of stock markets.

Despite of alternative views empirical works continue to show largely some degree of positive relationship between stock markets and growth. These studies largely based on developed countries only. Only few studies have been conducted in context of Nepalese stock market, and those conducted studies do not show clear conclusion regarding its impact on economy. Yadhav (2002) finds that firms with higher investment have higher saving and higher capital formation. Though his study may be significant in other cases it is of less significance here. Similarly Wagle (2002) also carried out the study on trends of saving, investment, and capital formation in Nepal, but his study fails to provide any specific link between saving, investment and capital formation with stock market development. Similarly Sindhurakar (2004) has carried out the study on relationship between the stock market and economic growth without analyzing the econometric models.

The study specifically deals with the following issues:

1. What is the relationship between the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and government investment, government expenses, foreign aid, savings, and foreign direct investment

2. Is there any relationship between the market capitalization and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

3. What is the impact of concentration ratio on economic growth of a nation?

4. What is the significance of liquidity on economic growth? What is its impact in capital market?

5. Is there any co-integration between the stock development index and economic growth?

6. Is there any Granger causality between the stock development and economic growth?

7. Is the Levine and Zerovos model valid in underdeveloped nation like Nepal?

8. Can the small group of investors manipulate a Nepalese capital market easily?

9. How can the government able to develop the stock market in coming days?

One group of study argues that stock market does not help in economic development of a nation while the other group argues that it helps in economic development. However, empirical investigations of the link between financial development in general and stock markets and growth in particular have been relatively limited. Various empirical researches have suggested a possible connection between stock market development and economic growth, but are far from definitive.

1.3. Objective of the Study

The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of stock market development in the economic development and growth of the nation in context to Nepal. The specific objectives of the study are as follows.

1. To conduct the empirical analysis of stock market by investigating the link between stock markets and economic growth.

2. To further analyze the link based on set of different variables of economic indicators and stock market indicators.

3. To examine the importance of liquidity for the economic growth.

4. To analyze the impact of firm concentration ratio on economic growth.

5. To examine the validity of model of Levine and Zervo’s study on stock market in developing nation like Nepal.

6. To determine and analyze the co-integration and causality between the stock market development index and economic growth.

Chapter: 2 Review of Literature

2.1 Review of Empirical Works

This section concerns with review of important empirical works, concerning stock market development and economic growth starting from 1873 to 2008. Some important studies and their finding are presented in tabular form in chorological order. The review of literature is undertaken in three sections. The first section focuses on the review of empirical works carried out before 1990s with their major findings. Similarly, the second section deals with the review of studies carried out during 1990s and finally third section deal with the review of studies during 2000.

2.1.1 Review of Empirical Works before 1990s

During nineteenth and twentieth century, Bagehot (1873) and Schumpeter (1912) had focused on the constructive assistance of financial sector to economic growth. In the study the direction of causality between the higher growth in financial sector and country’s economic growth rate was not clear (Robinson, 1952 and Locus, 1988). In the wake of a large body of empirical evidence, considerable studies have made on modeling and understanding the strong positive linkages between real and financial development. Much of this research has followed the “functional” approach in the analysis of such linkages.

Table: 2.1

Review of Empirical Works from 1873 to 1986

Study

Area

Major Findings

Bagehot (1873)

A description of money market with currency monopoly.

Constructive assistance of financial sector to economic growth.

Schumpeter (1912)

The theory of economic development.

Technological innovation is the force underlying long-run economic growth.

Robinson (1952)

The Generalization of the General Theory, in The Rate of Interest and Other Essays.

There is a two-way causal relationship between financial development and economic performance.

Goldsmith (1969)

Association between levels of financial development with economic growth.

A significant association between the level of financial development and economic growth.

The “finance-led growth” hypothesis postulates the “supply-leading” relationship between financial and economic developments. It is argued that the existence of financial sector and financial intermediations in channeling the limited resources from surplus units to deficit units would provide efficient allocation resources by leading the other economic sectors in their growth process. Indeed, a number of studies argued that the development of financial sector has significantly promoted economic development (Schumpeter, 1912). The study argued that the technological innovation is the force underlying long-run economic growth.

Robinson (1952), on the other hand, concluded that the economic growth creates a demand for various types of financial services to which the financial system responds. Goldsmith (1969) reported a significant association between the level of financial development (defined as financial intermediary assets divided by GDP) and economic growth. The study however recognized that there is no possibility of establishing the confidence for the direction of the causal mechanisms.

The earlier studies on international stock market linkages focused on the identification of short-term benefits of international portfolio diversification. The study of Levy and Sarnat (1970) and Solnik (1974), examined the short-term correlations of returns across national markets and pointed out the existence of substantial markets have high possibilities to diversify the risk internationally.

McKinnon  (1973) provided the evidences that liberalization of financial markets allows financial deepening which reflects an increasing use of financial intermediation by savers and investors and the monetization of the economy, which allows efficient flow of resources among people, and institutions over time. This encourages savings and reduces constraint on capital accumulation and improves in allocating efficiency of investment by transferring capital from less productive to more productive sectors.

Another group of studies concentrated on examining financial links among stock markets by using either bivariate or multivariate co-integration methodology. Taylor and Tonks (1989) were the first to apply bivariate co-integration on the UK and U.S. markets to test the importance of the abolition of foreign exchange controls in 1979. Furthermore, the empirical evidence was not conclusive, while a strong empirical causal relationship among the banking system, stock market development and economic performance was hardly established. Financial development is considered as a means to economic growth through various channels. An important role of financial intermediaries is to provide liquidity to individual investors (Diamond and Dybvig 1983). Similarly study of Stiglitz and Weiss, (1981); and Cho, (1986) concluded that the returns does not increase as the interest rate to borrowers rises.

Table: 2.2

Review of Empirical Works from 1881 to 1986

Study

Area

Major Findings

Shiller (1981)

Do stock prices move too much to Be Justified by Subsequent Changes in Dividends?

Price movements cannot be simply justified by changes in fundamentals.

Stiglitz and Weiss (1981)

Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information

Due to stagnant bank returns, increase in interest rate does not increase its return.

Diamond and Dybvig (1983)

A simple example, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.

An important role of intermediaries is to provide liquidity to individual investors.

Lucas (1988)

On the mechanics of economic development.

Not clear findings about the causality between financial sector and economic growth.

Taylor and Tonks (1989)

The internationalization of stock markets and the abolition of U.K. exchange control

There is multivariate co-integration on UK and US market.

Romer (1986)

Increasing returns and long run growth

Increase in productivity will cause economic growth.

Cho (1986)

Inefficiencies from financial liberalization in the absence of well-functioning equity markets.

Returns do not increase as interest rate rises.

At the theoretical level, the study of stock markets and growth gave new impetus with analyses of the design of optimal financial contracts under asymmetric information in dynamic general equilibrium models. The study of Bernanke and Gertler, 1989 concluded that the evolution of the financial system led to financial contract which emerged to solve the problems of moral hazard. The study concluded that when the firms are in need of external finance face a cost minimization problem, which they must solve by issuing different forms of financial contracts under different circumstances.

2.1.2 Review of Empirical Works during 1990s

Stock exchanges are expected to increase the amount of savings channeled to corporate sector. Some evidence can be found in the work of Greenwood and Jovanovich (1990). Furthermore, the study concluded that the stock markets play an important role in allocation of capital to corporate sector that in turn stimulates real economic activity. Many countries are facing financial constraints particularly developing countries, where bank loans are restricted to some favorable groups of companies and personage investors. This limitation can also reflect constraints in credit markets (Mirakhor and Villanueva, 1990).

Table: 2.3

Review of empirical work from 1990 to 1991

Study

Area

Major Findings

Mirakhor and Villanueva (1990)

Market integration and investment barriers in emerging equity markets.

There are high constraints in credit markets.

Greenwood and Jovanovich (1990)

Financial development, growth, and the distribution of income.

Financial markets and financial institutions can affect capital accumulation.

Vishny (1990)

The stock market and investment.

Stock market on an aggregate level does not predict the future investment.

Levine (1991)

Stock markets, growth, and tax policy.

Strong positive relationship between stock market liquidity, productivity improvements and capital accumulations.

Bencivenga and Smith (1991)

Financial intermediation and endogenous growth.

Financial agents can affect savings decisions by reducing liquidity costs.

The ability of financial intermediaries to offer profitable investments enhances savers’ confidence and attracts additional savings. The efficient operation of financial intermediaries leads to output growth and generates additional demand for deposits and financial services (Greenwood and Jovanovic, 1990). Financial institutions can affect agents’ savings decisions by reducing liquidity costs and offering greater opportunities for diversifying risks (Bencivenga and Smith, 1991). Portfolio diversification, through the stock market, may have an additional growth effect by encouraging specialization of production (Saint-Paul, 1992).

In addition, some studies concluded that stock markets could improve corporate governance by alleviating the principal-agent problem between the owners and managers (Jensen and Murphy, 1990). By contrast, other studies pointed out that stock market development could have negative effects by facilitating hostile counter-productive takeovers (Vishny, 1990). Moreover, some argue that takeover threats could hassle managers that discourage long-term investment, and therefore lead to inefficient allocation of resources (Singh and Weiss, 1998). Furthermore, some assert that stock markets, by providing profit incentives, are more effective than banks in information acquisition and dissemination and therefore could enhance quality of investment and thus stimulate growth (Holmstrom and Tirole, 1994). On the contrary, some others believe that banks are superior to stock markets in that they could monitor firms’ investment and management at a lower cost. They contend that in reality, due to dispersed stock ownership, individual investors are relatively small and they neither have the ability nor the incentives to acquire the costly yet necessary information for achieving efficient resource allocation (Bhide, 1993; Singh, 1993).

Contrary to traditional view, there are evidences that support the hypothesis that there exist long-run correlation between stock market development and economic growth. But in literature the testing of this hypothesis is rare for developing countries. However, Pardy (1992) in his seminal work has argued that in less developed countries capital markets are able to mobilize domestic savings and allocate funds more efficiently. Spears (1991) reported that in the early stages of development, financial intermediation induced economic growth. Demirguc-Kunt (1994) has supported the view that stock markets promote economic growth.

A number of subsequent studies adopted the growth regression framework in which the average growth rate in per capita output across countries is regressed on a set of variables controlling for initial conditions and country characteristics as well as measures of financial market development (King and Levine, 1993a). The study further analyzes the relationship between financial development and real GDP per capita growth, the rate of physical capital accumulation, and increases in efficiency over the period from 1960-89. The study measured the financial development by using the financial depth ratio (ratio of liquid liabilities to GDP), the level of banking, the ratio of credit issued to non-financial private firms to total credit and the ratio of credit issued to private firms to GDP. The study revealed that higher levels of financial development are positively associated with faster rates of economic growth and that the level of financial development is a good indicator of future growth prospects.

Robert Barro (1990) reported that in the case of US, stock market variables and stock returns, can largely explain the subsequent aggregate investments. On the contrary, Morck et al (1990) suggested that in the US, the stock market on an aggregate level is not much of a predictor of future investment. Meanwhile, a study by Galeotti and Schiantarelli (1994), based on quarterly aggregate data from the non-financial corporate sector in the US, revealed that investment decisions are significantly affected by stock price fluctuations, regardless whether the variation is due to fads or due to changes in fundamentals. On the other hand, firm- level studies typically showed that there is a very limited effect of the stock market on investment (Abel and Blanchard, 1986; Morck, Shleifer, and Vishny, 1990; Blanchard, Rhee, and Summers, 1993).

Table: 2.4

Review of Empirical Works from 1992 to 1993

Study

Area

Major Findings

Saint-Paul (1992)

Financial markets and economic development.

Stock markets have additional growth effect.

Pardy (1992)

Institutional reform in emerging securities markets.

In less develops countries the capial maket are able to mobilize domestic savings.

King and Levene (1993)

Finance and growth

Rate of physical capital accumulation has increased in efficiency over the period from 1960 to 1989.

Atje, and Jovanovic, (1993)

Stock market and development

Significant correlation between the stock markets and economic growth.

Pagano (1993)

Financial market and growth.

Financial growth can affect the rate of economic growth by altering productivity growth and the efficiency of capital.

Bhide (1993)

The hidden cost of stock market liquidity.

Highly liquid market may reduce the shareholders incentives to monitor managers.

Atje and Jovanovic (1993) concluded that there is a large effect of stock markets on economic growth but no relationship for bank lending on economic growth. Alternatively, Harris (1997) argued that the Atje and Jovanovic results are not supported by empirical results. Harris analyzed data for forty-nine countries over the period from 1980-91 for the growth in GDP per unit of effective labor, investment as a percent of GDP, the growth of total employed labor and the total value of shares traded on the stock market as a percent of GDP. The study reported that the level of stock market activity has little explanatory power in the sample of developing countries and weak explanatory power for the sample of developed countries. The study of Stiglitz (1994) provided the evidence that when the stock prices is determined by publicly available information then it help investors make better investment decisions. Better investment decisions by investors means better allocation of funds among corporations and, as a result, a higher rate of economic growth. In efficient capital markets prices already reflect all available information, and this reduces the need for expensive and painstaking efforts to obtain additional information.

Table: 2.5

Review of Empirical Work for 1995 AD

Study

Area

Major Findings

Bencivenga, Smith,and Starr (1995)

Transactions costs, technological choice and endogenous growth.

Theoretical predications on strong connections between stock market liquidity and fast growth.

Bencivenga et al. (1995)

Transactions costs, technological choice and endogenous growth

Enhanced stock market liquidity reduces the disincentives for investing in long duration and higher return projects since investors can easily sell their stake in the project.

Longin and Solnik (1995)

Is the correlation in international equity returns constant: 1960-1990?

By applying sophisticated techniques they found evidence of significant linkages between the stock markets around the world.

Hamao et al. (1990), Koch and Koch (1991), Roll (1992), Longin and Solnik (1995), used more sophisticated econometric techniques to measure cross-country correlations, and found evidence of significant linkages between stock markets around the world. Some other studies focused on the evolution of linkages of emerging capital markets. Studies such as Harvey (1995), but particularly Bekaert and Harvey (1995), examined one period returns and the conditional means and variances of one period returns by examining a one factor asset pricing model. The study concluded that the expected returns in a country are affected by their covariance with country’ returns. The study further concluded that if the market was perfectly integrated then only covariance counted, while if the market was completely segmented then the variance was the relevant measure of market risk. Bekaert and Harvey (1995) used a conditional regime-switching model to account for periods when national markets were segmented from world capital markets and when they became integrated later in the sample.

Table: 2.6

Review of Empirical Work for 1996 AD

Study

Area

Major Findings

Demetriades and Hussein (1996)

Does financial development cause economic growth?

There is bi-directionality and reverse causality between financial development and economic development.

Diamond (1996)

Financial intermediation as delegated monitoring: A simple example, federal reserve bank of Richmond

Financial intermediaries encourage highly productivity firms reducing informational asymmetries and costs.

Levine and Zervos (1996)

Stock market development and long-run growth.

Equity market activity is positively correlated measures of real economic activity.

Benchivenga, Smith and Starr (1996)

Equity markets, transaction costs and capital accumulation.

Positive role of liquidity provided by stock exchanges on real asset investments.

There are not much empirical research investigating causal relationships between stock exchanges and economic growth. One study worth mentioning here belongs to Levine and Zervos (1996). The study applied regression analysis to the data compiled from 41 countries for the years 1976 through 1993 to see the relationships between financial deepening and economic growth. One of the financial deepening indicators used in the analysis was the level of development of stock exchange measured by a composite index, liquidity and diversification indicators. Economic growth indicator selected, on the other hand, was the real growth rate in per capita GDP. Levine and Zervos reported a very strong positive correlation between stock market development and economic growth. The most interesting aspect of this study was the decrease in the statistical significance of other financial deepening variables after stock market development index was included in regression equation. The study concluded with the proof that stock market development is more influential than other financial deepening indicators on the growth of the economy.

Traditional growth theorists believed that there is no correlation between stock market development and economic growth because of the presence of level effect not the rate effect. Singh (1997) contended that stock markets are not necessary institutions for achieving high levels of economic development. The study focused on the rapid growth of stock markets in the liberalization process in developing countries over the 1980s and 1990s and argued that financial liberalization (making the financial system more fragile) is not likely to enhance long-term growth. Singh and Weis (1999) viewed stock market as a agent that harm economic development due to their susceptibility to market failure, which is often manifest in the volatile nature of stock markets in many developing countries. The traditional assessment model of stock prices and the wealth effect provided hypothetical explanation for stock prices to be proceeded as an indicator of output (Comincioli, 1996). According to wealth effect, however, changes in stock prices cause the variation in the real economy.

Although empirical tests of the relationship between financial development and economic development are not consistent, the bulk of the evidence supports a relationship between financial development and economic development. Demetriades and Hussein (1996) found the evidence of both bi-directionality and reverse causality by using unit root tests, co-integration tests and vector auto-regression tests of causality. The study concluded that financial development causes economic growth, economic growth causes financial system development, and in some cases, the causality is in both directions. As independent variables, the study has used the ratio of bank deposit liabilities to nominal GDP and the ratio of bank claims on the private sector to nominal GDP. The dependent variable is real GDP per capita in local currency terms. Rajan and Zingales (1998) predicted the average annual real growth of value added in an industry in the United Stated over the period from 1980-90. As predictor variables the study used the proportion of investments funded with external financing and the ratio of capital spending to net property, plant, and equipment. Industries were further divided into young and old companies. This process helped them to differentiate industries that were more or less dependent on external financing. The study wanted to test if financially dependent industries perform better in countries that have more developed financial sectors. As measures of financial development in each of forty-one countries. The study used the ratio of domestic credit plus stock market capitalization to GDP, the ratio of domestic credit to the private sector relative to GDP, and an index of accounting transparency. They study revealed that the financial development facilitates economic development by providing cheaper funds to growing industries.

Table: 2.7

Review of Empirical Works from 1997 to 1999 AD

Study

Area

Major Findings

Harris (1997)

Stock markets and development

Level of stock market activity has little explanatory power in the developing country sample and weak explanatory power for the developed country sample.

Singh (1997) and Weis (1999)

Financial liberalization, stock markets and economic development.

Stock market is a agent that harm economic development due to their susceptibility to market failure.

Raguraman and Zingales (1998)

Financial dependence and growth.

Financial developmet facilitates economic development  by providing cheaper funds to growing industries.

Levine and Zervos (1998)

Stock markets, banks and economic growth.

Strong and statistically significant relationship between the stock and GDP.

Luitel and Khan (1999)

A quantitative reassessment of the finance-growth nexus.

Financial development is very supportive to economic development.

The development of endogenous growth theory in recent years has offered the opportunity to define and explain the link between financial development and economic growth. The study of Pagano (1993) and Levine (1997) concluded that the financial development could affect the rate of economic growth by altering productivity growth and the efficiency of capital. It also affects the accumulation of capital through its impact on the saving rate or by altering the proportion of saving.

Benchivenga et al (1996) emphasized that there is positive role of liquidity provided by stock exchanges on the size of new real asset investments through common stock financing. Investors are more easily persuaded to invest in common stocks, when there is little doubt on their marketability in stock exchanges. Some contrary opinions do exist regarding the impact of liquidity on the volume of savings, arguing that the desire for a higher level of liquidity works against propensity to save (Benchivenga and Smith, 1991), (Japelli and Pagano 1994), such arguments were not well supported by empirical evidence. The second important contribution of stock exchanges to economic growth is through global risk diversification opportunities. Saint-Paul (1992), Deveraux and Smith (1994) and Obstfeld (1994) argue quite reasonably that opportunities for risk reduction through global diversification make high-risk high-return domestic and international projects viable and consequently, allocate savings between investment opportunities more efficiently. Whether global diversification might reduce the rate of domestic savings (Deveraux & Smith 1994) seemed to be a weak argument, as it is not convincingly evidenced.

Levine and Zervos (1998) analyzed by using stock market liquidity (turnover of shares and value), size (market capitalization), volatility (twelve month rolling standard deviation), integration with world markets (CAPM and APT intercept terms), and bank credit for the private (bank credit to the private sector to GDP) as predictors of economic growth, capital accumulation, improvement in productivity, and savings growth rates for forty-seven countries from 1976-93. The study reveals a positive relationship between stock market and bank development and economic growth, capital accumulation, and productivity growth. The authors conclude that stock markets provide an easy means to trade the ownership of productive assets, which facilitates resource allocation, which, in turn, facilitates capital formation, which leads to faster economic growth.

In the framework of the new growth theory, surprisingly few empirical studies of the relation between stock market and economic growth are available. The one important study mentioned earlier is one by Levine and Zervos (1998) who are among the first to ask whether stock markets are merely burgeoning casinos or a key to economic growth and to examine this issue empirically, finding a positive and significant correlation between stock market development and long run growth. The work of Luintel and Khan (1999), among others, is supportive of this view.

2.1.3 Review of Literature during 2000

Empirical work done in the past two decades mostly focused on the role of financial development in stimulating economic growth, without taking into account of the stock market development. Evolution of stock market has impact on the operation of banking institutions and hence, on economic promotion. This means that stock market is becoming more crucial, especially in a number of emerging markets and their role should not be ignored (Khan and Senhadji, 2000).

Beck et al (2000) analyzed the relationship between financial development and economic growth, total factor productivity growth, physical capital accumulation rates

and private savings rates. The study reported that there is a large positive effect of financial intermediaries and total factor productivity growth and economic growth but a lesser effect for long-term economic growth and total factor productivity growth.

Wurgler (2000) analyzed the relationship between financial markets and capital allocation in sixty-five countries from 1963-95. The study revealed that countries with more developed financial markets shift capital to growing industries and away from declining industries. The efficiency of the financial system is inversely related to government ownership in the economy and directly related to information availability for firms and legal protections for minority stockholders.

Table: 2.8

Review of Empirical Work from 2000 to 2004 AD

Study

Area

Major Findings

Beck, Levene and Loayza (2000)

Finance and sources of growth.

There is a large positive effect of financial intermediaries and total factor productivity growth.

Wurgler (2000)

Financial market and allocation of capital.

The efficiency of financial system is inversely related to information availability for firms and legal protections for minority stockholder.

Arestis et al. (2001)

Financial development and economic growth.

Both stock market and bank may be able to help in economic development.

Bell and Rausseau (2001)

A case of finance lend industrialization

Financial development in India has instrumental role for promoting economic performance.

Mishkin (2001) and Caporale et al (2004)

Financing, savings, capital and risk.

Financing productive projects mobilize domestic savings, allocate capital and diversify the risk, facilitate exchange of goods and services.

Tuncer and Alovsat (2001) examined stock market-growth nexus and exhibited positive casual correlation between stock market development and economic activities. Chen et al (2004) elaborated that the nexus between stock returns and output growth and the rate of stock returns is a leading indicator of output growth.
The study of Phylaktis and Ravazzolo (2001) measured financial linkages by analyzing the covariance of excess returns on national stock markets of emerging economies. A major advantage of this framework is that by examining the co-movement of future returns aggregated over a long horizon instead of the co-movement of one period expected returns one can detect small but persistent movements in expected returns and more accurately measure the degree of financial integration than one period stock return regression models.

The study of (Arestis, Demetriades and Luintel, 2001) found that in countries like Germany, stock market volatility has a significant and negative impact on growth. Another point worthy of note is that studies based on a cross-country framework in general have omitted China due to lack of data. Needless to say that given the increasing role of China in the world economy, understanding China is important in its own right. The study used a vector autoregressive model to study the relationship between stock market development measures and economic growth for developed economies, controlling for the banking sector development. The study finds that the stock market and economic growth both may be able to promote growth, with the impact of the banking system being stronger. With well-functional financial sector or banking sector, stock markets can give a big boost to economic development (Rousseau and Wachtel, 2000; Beck and Levine, 2003).

Mishkin (2001) and Caporale et al (2004) provided the evidence that an organized and managed stock market stimulate investment opportunities by recognizing and financing productive projects that lead to economic activity, mobilize domestic savings, allocate capital proficiency, help to diversify risks, and facilitate exchange of goods and services. Undoubtedly, stock markets are expected to increase economic growth by increasing the liquidity of financial assets, make global and domestic risk diversification possible, promote wiser investment decisions, and influence corporate governance, that is, solving institutional problems by increasing shareholders’ interest value (Vector, 2005).

Bell and Rousseau (2001) evaluated the relationship between individual macroeconomic indicators and measures of financial development in India and revealed that the financial sector has been instrumental in promoting economic performance. Nourzad (2002) analyzed the effect of financial development on productive efficiency using eight measures of financial development for countries at different stages of economic development. The study analyzed three sets of panels of data: annual data for twenty-nine countries from 1966-90, annual data for eighteen countries from 1970-90, and five year average data for twenty-eight countries from 1970-90. The author finds that productive efficiency is greater in countries that have more developed financial sectors.

Table: 2.9

Review of Empirical Works from 2005 to 2007 AD

Study

Area

Major Findings

Shrestha (2005)

Stock Market and Economic Development.

Gross Domestic Product influence stock market.

Vinhas de Souza (2005)

Financial liberalization and business cycles: The experience of the new EU member states.

Capital market reform programs, government approved new laws are regulatory framework for capital market flourish.

Siliver and Duong (2006)

Role of stock market for real economic activity: evidence for Europe.

Stock market has certain predictive content for real economic growth.

Yartey and Adjasi (2007)

Stock market development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Critical issues and challenges

African stock market facing challenge of integration and need better technical and institutional development to address the problem of low liquidity.

Efficient stock markets provided guidelines to keep appropriate monetary policy through the issuance and repurchase of government securities in the liquid market, which is an important step towards financial liberalization. Similarly, well-organized and active stock markets could modify the pattern of demand for money, and would help create liquidity that eventually enhances economic growth (Caporale et al, 2004). Similarly, Siliverstovs and Duong (2006) revealed that the accounting for expectations has represented by the economic sentiment indicator in which stock market has certain predictive content for the real economic activity.

Paudel (2005) acknowledged that stock markets, due to their liquidity, enable firms to attain much needed capital quickly, hence facilitating capital allocation, investment and growth. Adjasi and Biekpe (2005) found a significant positive impact of stock market development on economic growth in countries classified as upper middle-income economies. Bahadur and Neupane (2006) concluded that stock markets fluctuations helps in the prediction of the future growth of an economy.

2.1.4 Concluding Remarks

From the above, it may be seen that the effect of capital markets on economic growth has been a controversial subject. Some studies indicated the statistically significant effect of stock market development on economic growth while others did not. Similarly, some reported positive impact of stock liquidity on economic growth while some did not. In order to validate one view or the other in Nepalese context, no study has been so far conducted by using the recent data by considering Deminigue-Kunt and Levene’s stock market development index. This study therefore tests the above hypothesis concerning stock market development and economic growth in undeveloped country, Nepal.

Chapter 3: Research Methodology

3.1 Research Design

For the analysis of relationship between the stock market development and economic growth descriptive, co-relational and time series research design will be employed. For the purpose of conceptualization and description, the descriptive research design is going to be used. For the analysis purpose the study covers the time period of ten years. This study will be made on a macro level so it consists of all the sectors including commercial banks, manufacturing and processing organization, hotel sectors, trading, insurance, finance companies and, development banks and so on.

3.2 Nature and Sources of Data

This study will base on both primary and secondary data. Most of the data related to economic growth and stock market development will be collected from annual report and official reports of concerned organization. The required information will  be  supplemented by Ministry of Finance, Department of Industries, Commerce and Supplies, economic survey published by Nepal Government, quarterly economic bulletin published by Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB), National Planning Commission and Security Board of Nepal (SEBON), World Bank Report will be considered.

A field survey based on questionnaire and interview will also be conducted to collect opinions of different respondents in three groups. The respondents selected for the survey will be stock investors, general student and public who have not invested in shares to obtain the information in respect of economic performance and stock market development.

3.3 Selection of Enterprises

The study is related to aggregate values so aggregate values of economy that is determinants of macroeconomic indicators and aggregate value of market activities that is determinants of stock market developments are going to be selected.

3.4 Methods of Analysis

Analysis is the systematic and careful examination of available facts so that certain conclusions can be drawn from it. The major part of the study is based on the testing of association of stock market and economic growth.

3.4.1 Econometric Model

This study is heavily based on Levine and Zervos’s study on stock market development and long run growth. However, their study is based on cross-country regression, but this study considers time series analysis and single equation regression applied to the collected data.

Study will determine the casual relation between stock market development and economic growth then determine how they evolve over time and finally seek the relationship between the stock market development and its economic performance. Levine and Zervos (1996) suggested the following equation to evaluate whether there is any relationship between the stock market development and long run economic growth.

GDPt = aXt + bSTOCKt + µt                                                                                    (1)

Where GDP Growtht is the Gross Domestic Product growth rate and Xt is a set of control variables that is associated with GDP. These variables include government expenditure (EXPN), Public Investment (INV), public development aid (AID), foreign direct investment (FDI). In the same way STOCKt represents stock market development index. It includes market capitalization ratio (Mcap), liquidity ratio (Liquidt) and concentration ratio (Conct). A and B are unknown parameters to be estimated and Mt is an error term. We can consider the following equations in details.

GDPt = a1 Xt + b1 Mcapt + b2 Liquidt + b3 Conct + µt                                                               (2)

Government expenditure is selected as control variables because in underdeveloped country, government plays key role in economic growth for driving the different productive activities. Thus it can impact positively as well as negatively on economic growth. Public investment is selected as a control variable because if the public investment policy is directed correctly (for instance towards infrastructures development), it can impact significantly on economic growth, since public investment can target health, education, etc., which all contribute to increase total factor productivity. Public development aid is selected because in developing countries savings is inadequate so development aid is an ‘oxygen pipe’ for nation’s development. Foreign direct investment is taken because it measures the private investment as domestic investment is very low as compared to it so it is ignored here.

The Liquidity ratio variable represents the turnover ratio measured as the value of total shares traded divided by market capitalization (high turnover then high liquidity). Liquidity allows investors to easily buy and sell securities. As Levine and Zervos (1996) put it, stock markets may affect economic activity through their liquidity since investors are reluctant to relinquish control of their saving for long periods. Market capitalization ratio, which equals the value of listed shares divided by GDP, is taken as the indicator for stock market development. This ratio measures the stock market size, ability to mobilize the capital and helps to diversity the risk. Concentration ratio is the four firm concentration ratios, which is measured by dividing market capitalization of four largest stocks by total market capitalization. If few companies dominate the market, they can manipulate the price formation process. Thus a high concentration ratio is not desirable. Countries with highly concentrated markets have markets that are underdeveloped. So market concentration is hypothesized to be negatively correlated with market size and market liquidity.

3.4.2 Correlation Analysis

Correlation analysis is necessary in order to find out whether the selected variables in time series have any relation or not. If there is no correlation there would be no causality so this test is necessary.

A mathematical formula for measuring the correlation developed by Pearson is as follows.

                  (3)

Where r is a correlation coefficient, Xt and Yt are two variables whose correlation is to be calculated. Correlation is a measure of the relation between two or more variables. The measurement scales range from -1.00 to +1.00. The value of -1.00 represents a perfect negative correlation, while a value of +1.00 represents a perfect positive correlation. A value of 0.00 or close to zero represents a lack of correlation.

3.4.3 Time Series Analysis of the Data

For the data analysis purpose the following time series analysis is made. They are as follows.

3.4.3.1 Unit Root Tests:

According to Nelson and Plosser (1982), Chowdhury (1994) there exists unit roots in most macroeconomic time series.  While dealings with time series, it is necessary to analyze whether the series are stationary or not. Since regression of non-stationary series on other non-stationary series leads to what is known is spurious regression causing inconsistency of parameter estimate (Engle and Yoo, 1987). The hypothesis behind is that random shocks in economy have long lasting effects (Engle & Granger, 1987). The most popular of these tests are the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and the Phillips-Perron (PP) tests. ADF test will be considered for this study because ADF tests use a parametric autoregressive structure to capture serial correlation.

3.4.3.2 Co-integration Test

The finding that many macro time series may contain a unit root has spurred the development of the theory of non-stationary time series analysis. Engle and Granger (1987) pointed out that a linear combination of two or more non-stationary series may be stationary. If such a stationary linear combination exists, the non-stationary time series are said to be co-integrated. The stationary linear combination is called the co-integrating equation and may be interpreted as a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The purpose of the co-integration test is to determine whether a group of non-stationary series is co-integrated or not. Eviews5 statistical software implements VAR-based co-integration tests using the methodology developed in Johansen (1991, 1995a).

There are two different methods for testing for co-integration, Engle & Granger (1987) and Johansen (1988). Jung and Seldon (1995) state that the Johansen co-integration test is more valid as there is no need of prior knowledge of the co-integration vectors, in cases when they are unknown. As this study does not have the co-integration vectors it is better to use the Johansen (1988) test. The Johansen methodology utilizes Vector Auto Regression (VAR) to test the co-integration. The Johansen (1988) method of testing for the existence of co-integrating relationships has become standard in the econometrics literature because of its superiority over other alternatives.

3.4.3.3 Granger Causality between Economic Growth and Stock Market Development

Measuring the correlation (similarities in strength and direction between two graphs) between variables such as GDP and STOCK would according to Granger (1969) not be enough to construct a complete understanding about the relationship between two time series. The reason is that some correlations may be spurious and not useful, as there might be a third variable that cannot be accounted for. For example there is a correlation between teacher’s salaries in the UK and the consumption of alcohol in the UK. Another example is that ice cream sales are correlated to shark attacks on swimmers (Lethen, 1996). In both examples it would be highly unlikely that one causes the other but that there exists other hidden variables affecting both. There is a correlation but no causal connection.

By using the Granger causality approach with the question if variable X (in a time series), causes variable Y (in another time series), a researcher wants to see how the value of the existing Y can be explained by past values of Y. And then by adding lagged values of X add to explanation of the relationship (Eviews 5.0 statistical software)

This does in practice imply that if you find a variable that is Granger causing another variable in a certain direction or both, manipulation of one would affect the other.  To reduce spurious results the process of finding Granger causality also involves finding out other relations between the time series and such relations include looking at correlation and co-integration (Sahlin and Sjogren, 2008). So this study is not only looking at the correlation, co-integration and causality but also looking at a further developed relationship between the time series. This is combined to produce an answer to if there is a relationship between the variables. Hence, in this study the word relationship stated by statistical software is used as a generic term for the combined correlation, co-integration and causality time series. For the calculation purpose the following equations have to be estimated.

3.4.4.4 Other Statistical Tools Considered

For our data presentation and analysis other statistical tools will be. They are mean, median, standard deviation, maximum and minimum, T-test, F-test and Standard Error of Estimate (SEE).

Chapter 4: Concluding the research proposal

There are many studies that have examined the relationship between growth and stock markets using either cross country or panel methods. However their empirical approach typically suffers from serious econometric weakness. Traditional growth theorists believed that there is no correlation between stock market development and economic growth. Singh (1997) argues that stock markets are not necessary institutions for achieving high levels of economic development. Some recent studies have stated that stock markets play an important role in allocation of capital to corporate sector that in turn stimulate real economic activity. Studies of Caporale (2004), Vector (2005), Mishkin (2001) and few other studies too state that an organized and managed stock market stimulates economic activities. Most of these studies have reported positive effects of stock on economic growth. One group of study argues that stock markets do not help in economic development of a nation while the other group argues that it help in economic development.

With this contrast view, this study attempts to find possible connection between stock market development and economic growth with reference to Nepal. The variables selected for the study are Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Government Investment (INV), Government Expenditure (EXPN), Foreign Aid (AID), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Market Capitalization Ratio (MCAP), Concentration Ratio (CONC) and Liquidity (LIQDT).

Bibliography

Abel, Andrew B. and Blanchard, Olivier J. (March 1986), “The Present Value of Profits and Cyclical Movements in Investment.” Econometrica, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 249-273.

Adjasi, Charles K.D. and Nicholas B. Biekpe (2005), “Stock Market Development and Economic Growth: The Case of Selected African Countries.”  Working Paper, African Development Bank.

Arestis, Philip; Demetriades, Panicos O; and Luintel, Kul B. (2001), “Financial Development and Economics Growth: The Role of Stock Markets.” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 16-41.

Atje, Raymond and Jovanovic, Boyan (April 1993), “Stock Markets and Development.” European Economic Review, Vol. 37 No. 2/3, pp. 632-40.

Bagehot, Walter (1873), A Description of Money Market with Currency Monopoly, Homewood, Lombard Street, 1962 Edition.

Barro, Robert (1990), “The Stock Market and Investment.” Review of Financial Studies, Vol.3, No. 1, pp. 115-131.

Bastola, P. (2003), Impact of Stock Market in Development, unpublished Masters Dissertation, Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University.

Beck, Thorsten, Ross Levine and Norman Loayza (2000), “Finance and the Sources of Growth.” Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 58, pp. 261-300.

Beck, T. and R. Levine (2003), “Stock Markets, Banks, and Growth: Panel Evidence.” Journal of Banking and Finance.

Bekaert, G. and C.R. Harvey (1995), “Time-Varying world market integration.” Journal of Finance, Vol. 50, pp. 403-444.

Bell C. and P. L. Rousseau (2001), “Post-Independence in India: A Case of Finance Lend Industrialization.” Journal of Development Economics Vol. 65, pp. 153-175.

Bencivenga, V.R. and Smith B. (1991), “Financial Intermediation and Endogenous Growth.” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 58, pp. 195-209.

Bencivenga, V.R.; Smith, B. and Starr, R. M. (1996), "Equity Markets, Transaction Costs, and Capital Accumulation: An Illustration." The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 241-265.

Bernanke, B. and M. Gertler (1989), “Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Business Fluctuation.” American Economic Review, Vol. 79, pp. 14-31.

Bhide, Amar (August 1993), "The Hidden Costs of Stock Market Liquidity," Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 31-51.

Blanchard, Olivier, Rhee, Changyong, and Summers, Lawrence (1993), “The Stock Market, Profit, and Investment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 108, pp. 115-36.

Capora

About the Author

Author has completed the Masters Degree in Business Studies with finance as a specialization from Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law specialist london[/mage]

Employee Relations in Global Organizations

Ensuring smooth employee relations can be a challenge for any organization - let alone a globalized shared service structure having to deal with a number of different legislative frameworks and a variety of linguistic and cultural relationships. Yet it's a challenge which must be overcome; the old lesson that a happy workforce is a productive one is no less true today than ever, and while the tactics used on the ground may vary across geographies the strategic aims must remain the same: strong employee engagement working towards optimal productivity.

A key tension for shared services lies between corporate structures and policies, and local practices and legal parameters; aligning these two potentially quite different constructs, and keeping the gaps between them as small as possible, might not be a simple task but it's an unavoidable one in that a company at odds with its different environments will not achieve world-class status, while one that is able to work with its various local idiosyncrasies rather than against them is far more likely to succeed. Unsurprisingly the key to securing that success is talent.

Talent retention and development requirements are a major part of the core need for robust employee relations. Keeping your best people is a no-brainer in any and every part of the world, and a big paypacket isn't the only determining factor in a top employee's thought processes when he or she is faced with a new career opportunity (although a 2009 Society for Human Resource Management survey found that for 57% of employees pay's still "very important"). The creation of a secure and enjoyable working environment, with the possibility of personal professional development, is crucial for companies keen on keeping key talent - and the ability to bind different geographies together through a supportive and proactive corporate architecture creates opportunities for intra-organizational migration and advancement, and thence to the dissemination of fresh ideas and influences throughout the organization. In this way the geographical and cultural differences between distinct elements of the organization can become a great asset rather than the challenge they may originally have been.

"Give your top talent a good look at the ladder, and the possibility that they could climb right to the top; it's a quick win on a number of levels," says talent and resource specialist Seb Donovan. "And if they get the chance to see other aspects of the organization so much the better. The more familiar your top employees are with your company and its environment the more easily and effectively they can contribute towards eventual success."

An increasing number of globalised service delivery organizations are offering their curve-leading talent quarterly or even yearly postings to different corporate locations. Skills are much more transferable within an organization that outside it, and the more familiar the working environment, the simpler the adjustment from one location to another. This familiarity should include, of course, the "invisible blanket" of HR systems and structures supporting an employee making such an adjustment - and it should also feature consistency in the provisions companies make for the occasions when things go wrong in terms of ensuring homogeneity of grievance procedures, disciplinary issues and investigations, and separation agreements. In practice though this unity, and environmental homogeneity in general, are often well-nigh impossible to achieve.

Total homogeneity of processes isn't feasible in organizations operating in multiple languages but the laws of efficiency demand that at least a proximity to perfection in purely procedural terms should be a target for institutions whose very raisons d'etre are founded in process improvement, efficiency and effectiveness. However, when legislative frameworks and the relative strengths of organized labor vary so greatly from location to location, the temptation to differentiate employee relations practices and architectures is at least understandable and can be overwhelming (especially during negative economic climates: turning the screw somewhat on the workforce during a downturn, should that be corporate strategy, is a lot easier in locations with less entrenched and more industry-friendly labor legislation). A company that can minimize that differentiation whilst adhering to local requirements such as working hours, health and safety infrastructure, disciplinary and/or grievance issues and the like is one step closer to the unattainable.

Nevertheless while process homogeneity might be sought-after in some areas, great flexibility is required in others - as indeed it is even within non-globalized organizations. Applying a blanket and rigid homogeneity across all geographical locations would be catastrophic; what is sought is that aforementioned familiarity rather than an anyway-illusory global uniformity.

"The problem with global shared services that include any element of employee relations is that it is very difficult, yet vital, to recognize the differences in employment law, policies and procedures and culture that exists from one country to another," says Andy Cook of employee relations experts Marshall-James. "It is a misgiving to look upon employee relations as something transactional that can be compartmentalized into a ‘one size fits all' solution. This does not take account of the very fabric and relationships that make an organization work."

Companies will benefit from another variation on the talent theme: the importance of top employee relations talent in putting the corporate vision - whatever that may be - into practice. Implementation of any such vision or strategy on the ground - and this goes too for any serious change program - has to be carried out by those familiar with the corporate infrastructure, a knowledge and understanding which can only by generated within that infrastructure. It is immeasurably easier for those brought into the location to oversee change efforts, or to monitor and enhance that location's employee relations environment, to do so if they have a minimum of cultural and systemic disassociation to deal with. But if their very role is to implement the changes which will dampen any dissociating impulse, these individuals will not only have to represent the corporate vision but will have to find a way - the best way - to bind it to local custom.

Obviously this isn't a task for sub-optimal talent - and nor are those facing the teams which the corporate evangelists must create on-location. Establishing true synergy between corporate vision and local custom takes top local talent too (thus there needs to be a connection made very early on in the process of setting up in a new location between corporate employee relations specialists and someone or some entity which can act in an advisory capacity with regards to the local employee relations environment) - only in partnership at a personal and individual level will the partnership between location and organization reach fruition.

______________________________________________________________________

This article was first published on the Shared Services & Outsourcing Network (SSON) - Read it here: http://www.ssonetwork.com/topic_detail.aspx?id=7070&ekfrm=6&utm_source=ssonetwork.com&utm_medium=SMO&utm_campaign=DIRECTORIES&mac=SSON_External_Listing_2048

About The Shared Services & Outsourcing Network (SSON)

SSON is the largest and most established community of shared services and outsourcing professionals, with over 25,000 members.

SSON provides the roof under which key industry experts and organizations share their experience, knowledge and tools, and practitioner peers connect with other all over the world, both face to face and online.

SSON focuses on developing its members through providing training, tools, and networking opportunities. SSON staff works from international offices in New York, London, Singapore, Sydney, Berlin and Dubai to research current trends and developments in shared services.

More information visit the Shared Services & Outsourcing Network (SSON) website. Stay up to date with SSON's latest twitter posts at twitter.com/ssonetwork, connect with global practitioners, providers and advisors on the Shared Services & Outsourcing Network (SSON) LinkedIn group and Sign up to receive SSON's weekly updates today

About the Author

Jamie Liddell has worked in journalism since he was a 17-year-old cub reporter for The Tico Times, Costa Rica's highly regarded English-language weekly newspaper. Holding an MA in English from Clare College, Cambridge University, Jamie came to the Shared Services & Outsourcing Network from the world of overseas property publishing where he worked on the industry's best-selling publications for the UK and Ireland, and gave seminars at consumer and b2b exhibitions and conferences internationally.

Davos Annual Meeting 2010 - Rethinking Market Capitalism

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]labor and employment law phoenix[/mage]
Feds seek to void AZ hiring law
PHOENIX - The Obama administration wants the U.S. Supreme Court to void Arizona's two-year-old employer-sanctions law, designed topunish companies that knowingly hire undocumented workers.
What I Mean by Being a Lawyer.....

I need a list of lawyer employment recruiters for the western suburbs of Chicago Illinois.?

I am an attorney 6 years out of law school- looking to relocate to the western suburbs of Chicago, Naperville/Wheaton area.

Purchase the Crain's Chicago Business executive recruiter list. The NY list notes the professions each firm recruits for, and I assume the Chicago list will as well. Find those that recruit for law firms, and off you go.

Internet Marketing Tips On Employment Law

President Obama's Remarks at Industrial Support, Inc. in Buffalo on May 13, 2010
Transcript Provided by the Office of the White House Press Secretary
Experienced St. Louis Immigration Attorney Evita Tolu

Do you think a American mother does the right thing by harassing the employer of a Belgium national who lives?

Do you think a American mother does the right thing by harassing the employer of a Belgium national who lives in Belgium to try and get child support that a US court has ordered to pay the American mother. The employer is prohibited, under Belgium law from garnishing, wages to pay child support in the USA, because the Belgium courts will not enforce that, and protect the father. This will not effect the employment of the Belgium father, but will make the American mother look foolish.

If the employer can't garnish his wages by law, than no the American mother is not doing the right thing because she is not helping the situation by harassing the employer. The employer is following the law, and the American mother should be directly addressing the father for child support, and not faulting the employer.

Belgian Demonstration Workplace for safe work

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]international employment law openings[/mage]

Manual for Opening a Business

The positive economic atmosphere in the market is also felt in the large number of new businesses opening in Israel. Each day, many new businesses are opened, most of them small and medium sized. More than once this relates to young people who have finished their world tour and now are full of energy and attack the market with a view to conquering it. Our office feels the reawakening of the economy and mentioned that recently there has been a sharp increase in the number of those contacting us in order to receive advice and to open a new business. Also, the new reforms planned by the Ministry of Finance make the establishment of new businesses more worthwhile and more profitable.


Nevertheless, even if a business owner has a fantastic idea and a tremendous potential for success, incorrect decisions at the start of the road may decide the fate of the business already at its infancy. Most of these incorrect decisions in opening a business result from a lack of knowledge of legal and accounting affairs connected with establishing a business. In order to assist businesses at the outset, we hereby submit a complete manual for opening a business:


Location of the business


Throughout the country and in the center of the large cities, there are many areas available for leasing. The prices are lower than at any time and one can choose the most suitable building for the business's needs. In a new business, it is not recommended to sign a lease for over a year, but to have an option to extend the lease under identical conditions. A short-term agreement will ensure the transferring of the business to another place should the chosen location not be successful from the business's point of view. When choosing the location of a business, remember that the costs of transferring it are very high and include transport, renovations, etc.; and therefore, it is most important to choose a suitable location.


Bank and credit frameworks


Despite the fact that many self-employed continue to run the business also using their private bank account, this is not recommended. The management of a separate account for the business provide a more precise indication of the business result and makes the management of cash flows in the business easier. In addition, in order to recognize bank expenses and commissions as recognized expenses, the tax authority requires the business to have its own account.


It is recommended that the business account will not be kept in the bank in which the private account is kept. Generally, the bank will see both accounts as one account for the purpose of giving credit frameworks and calculating indebtedness. The opening of a bank account with another bank can increase the credit framework given to the business.


It is very important to see the bank as a partner and to maintain a positive reputation with it. When a problem is expected in cash flows, it is recommended to inform the bank and come to a joint solution. Cooperation with the bank is even more important due to the new regulations which forbid the bank to allow an overdraft without approval as from July 1, 2006. Maintaining good relations with the bank does not contradict that it is recommended to negotiate the amount of interest and commissions, and in this way to save money.


Funds for small businesses


One of the central problems of new businesses and businesses in general is credit difficulties. In Israel, there are many funds that operate and encourage new, small, and medium - sized businesses with the method of granting credit changing from time to time.


Generally, assistance is given to businesses that already exist and operate, but there are also funds that give loans to businesses being established. At the time of taking credit, it is important to ensure that the business can meet the monthly repayment. For businesses that cannot meet immediate repayment, there are loans where repayment is made only after a period which is decided in advance.


Value Added Tax


The business can operate only after registering and opening a VAT file.


There are two types of independent business:


a. An exempt business - where the expected annual turnover will not exceed NIS 65,720 - generally, these are small business and employees who are only starting their activities as self employed. Such a business only reports once a year to the VAT and does not collect and cannot set - off VAT. Businesses such as the liberal professions cannot register as exempt businesses, no matter what their revenues


b. A taxable business - anyone whose annual turnover is expected to exceed NIS 65,720 must be registered as a licensed dealer.


When filing an application to the VAT authorities for opening a business, you should have the following documents: an application to open a business signed by the dealer/partners, a photocopy of an identity card/identity cards, a cancelled bank check / any other document showing details of the bank account and details of the holder of the bank account and the rental contract.


In certain cases, the Value Added Tax Authorities are entitled to demand additional documents such as future engagement agreements etc.


Income Tax


After the change in the law, about a year ago, dealers are required to report to the Income Tax on the opening of a business, and anyone who does not do so is exposed to administrative fines. In order to register an independent business, an application to register one must be made with the assessing officer. Despite the fact that it is possible to open a business with the tax authorities independently, it is recommended to obtain the assistance of a CPA to do so.


Opening a deductions file for employees


If the business employs people, a deductions file must be opened with the assessing officer. The opening of a deductions files with the National Insurance Institute is carried out automatically by obtaining data from the Income Tax Authorities.


National Insurance Institute


In addition to registering VAT and income tax, an independent dealer must register also with the National Insurance Institute. Registration is done by completing the annual report form. The Institute requires that the number of hours expected and the level of expected income. There are two types of self employed in National Insurance:


1) A self employed person who meets the definitions of a self employed person - pays advances on account and insures the income for which he pays advances.


2) An independent who does not meet the definition - a dealer who works in the business less than 12 hours a week and earns less than NIS 3,692 per month. This status generally is suitable for employed people where the business provides him with complementary income. When the business is registered with the National Insurance Institute - the Institute examines whether insurance fees were paid from the age of 18 until the age of opening the business -whether there are periods where the dealer was abroad or did not work - he will be required to pay for these periods.


Keeping books of accounts


Every person who has income from a business or profession must keep books. The method of keeping books changes according to type and size of the business. At the start, it is recommended to keep close contact with a professional person - certified public accountant or tax consultant in order to obtain a detailed explanation of the method of managing the books and the procedures of issuing invoices and receipts. In addition, cooperation with a certified public accountant assists the business in understanding more correctly and releasing its owners from waiting unnecessary time.


Non keeping of proper books causes their disqualification by the tax authorities. This sanction is likely to result in a situation where the assessing officer will determine for himself the annual assessment that the business owes, and its owner will have to prove the exact income according to which the tax is paid.

__________________________


For additional details regarding the specific requirements of every client, send us your query and we will gladly get back to you with a response regarding your specific needs.

About the Author

The Azulai - Sutovsky Firm of Accountants, israeli cpa office.

В.Путин.6 Ежегодная большая пресс-конференция (Putin) Part 15

UK Employment law help.?

Hello

Hi Joe,

No it wouldn't affect the claim. The two things are totally separate. Amongst other things, this means that each claim must be separately proved, so winning one is no guarantee of winning the other.

If this happens, the employer may, however, wish to offer a combined settlement for the lot - provided they accept liability, of course.

What You Need To Know When Dismissing An Employee

Worker Compensation Under Florida Employment Law - Learn More About It

Working in Florida has certain advantages for its workers, which may be the reason why workers of Florida do not normally seek greener pastures in other States of the USA.


If you injure yourself in the course of employment in Florida, you need to report it immediately to the employer, or, within 30 days of the accident. Note the words: "in the course of employment" carefully.


The employer then in turn has to inform the insurance company of the accident within seven days of your notifying the employer. If the employer does not do so, you can directly inform the insurance company and seek assistance from the Employee Assistance Office.


As for the expenses of the medical treatment for the injury sustained during the course of employment (note these words carefully), the medical services provider would give you a form which you fill and sign, and the provider certifies it, and off it goes to the insurance company for payment. You don't pay. The insurance company pays.


But if you don't take the steps outlined above, you pay! So watch out!


Watch out also for this: Under Florida's employment law you are paid ONLY if you are disabled for a minimum of 7 days or more due to the injury. If it is more than that say 3 weeks or more, then the whole period of disability, including the 7 day exclusion period, is paid for by the insurance company.


That takes care of medical aid. Now to compensation for your absence from the workplace.


This is rather a complicated system, and can be quite confusing to the layperson. Therefore, it is described here in a very broad and general manner. A mixture of formulae is used to calculate on the amount of compensation you would get. Broadly speaking, you will get two checks in a month of approximately 66 and 2/3 per cent of your average wage per week. No tax is required to be paid, except when you go back to work, even if it be light duty! In that case, the IRS would ask for its share of the pie! Normally, your first payment should reach you by three weeks from the date of you report the injury to the employer.



The Employment Law of Florida is quite comprehensive, and takes care of the needs of the workers in its State quite well. Should you be interested in finding about the various plans, the state of play, and the procedure, then all you have to do is to look it up on the net, or contact the Financial Services Department of Florida.

About the Author

Abhishek is a Career Counselor and he has got some great Career Planning Secrets up his sleeves! Download his FREE 71 Pages Ebook, "Career Planning Made Easy!" from his website http://www.Career-Guru.com/769/index.htm . Only limited Free Copies available.

Employment Law and Harassment at Work - Protected Class? Legal recourse?

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law at work[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]employment law at work[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law hr files[/mage]
My Employer Wanted me to Break the Laws of EEOC?

My supervisor hired me (HR Recruiter) to help her with knowing employment laws. She told me not to hire people of a protected class (blacks) within certain zip codes. She also asked how she could fire a pregnant woman because, "I can't have someone taking off time from work". Later a man who was qualified for the job had a previous disability but had a Dr.'s note saying he was fit for duty and the candidate had been employed for the last 2 1/2 years in the field we were hiring. His disability was before that. My supervisor said, "We don't hire people with disabilities because it is a work comp claim waiting to happen". I emailed her letting her know an EEOC claim could be filed due to her actions and the next day when she received it, she fired me.

Yes, there's good potential for a wrongful termination lawsuit but you will need the services of a specialist lawyer.

If you have solid witnesses that will not back out and have also developed good supportive data, memos, emails, other reliable information sufficient to have already contacted EEOC, then I'd recommend one further step which can be of even more value.

You send a nicely phrased but firm letter to the President of the Co., asking for reinstatement with full pay and the firing of the Supervisor. Suggest to the President that he/she will only make matters worse for the firm if they refuse to do so as their failure will only stand as further proof that they willingly support a lawbreaker.

Tell them that you expect compensation over and above just being reinstated but keep it reasonable.

Their failure to respond favorably within 10 days will only serve to make the lawsuit better.

Sarah Palin Has Ethics Complaint Filed Against Her

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law hr files[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law salary vacation[/mage]
Need to know about Illinois Labor laws. My company makes us work 12 days straight. No Overtime. Is This legal?

I work for a Tradeshow company that makes us work weekends for tradeshows. We are salary employees that work 40 hours per week Monday thru Friday. When shows are scheduled we work an additonal 8 hours per day on Saturday and Sunday. We are then required to work the following week as normal. We don't get paid overtime, and we don't get any additional time off unless we use our vacation time. Is this legal. Can our company force us to work 12 straight days with out time off. All days are at least 8 hour days. I can't see how they can allow us to do that. Management said they can do that because we are salary employees. How can't seem to find the answer on the Illinois state web site for employment issues.

Here are some helpful web sites...I am also from Illinois and there are laws and restrictions. Just because you are salaried does not always mean you are exempt from over...
www.state.il.us/agency/idol/laws/laws.HTM
IDOL is Illinois Department Of Labor
www.dol.gov
DOL is Department of Labor
Hope these help you on your way....also just a short note, Illinois does have a One Day Rest In Seven Act ODRISA

People in business
Chris Stout, financial adviser with Shoemaker Financial, has been named a field director with the firm. He will work with the Nashville area sales team.
Non-Competition Agreements: Purpose of Noncompete Agreements

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law fixed term contracts[/mage]
In Singapore, can a fixed term contract turn into a permanant employment contract after X years?

In UK, there is a '4 year rule' law that automatically convert the fixed term contract into permanant contract. What about countries like Singapore and Malaysia ?

No.

Labour Law in South Africa (part 5 of 6)

5-13 Business: in brief
Labor, insurance departments offer free health law seminar The U.S. Department of Labor’s Employee Benefits Security Administration and the Oklahoma Insurance Department will have a free health law compliance assistance seminar May 19-20 in Tulsa at the Tulsa Technology Center, Lemley Campus, 3420 S. Memorial Drive, Health Science Building, Room HSC 3117.
Answer for sissy304762

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law job offer[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]employment law job offer[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law probation[/mage]

Juvenile Probation Officer and How to Get Juvenile Probation Officer Jobs

Probation officers are people who deal directly with a person who has been given probation instead of jail time or a person who has served time in prison and has been released on parole. The difference between a probation officer (PO) and a juvenile probation officer (JPO) is the age of the person.


Juvenile probation officers will only work with youth and those under the age of 18. Their primary focus is to keep a record of their client's actions and report those to the judge who handles the case. Although they are often considered a thorn in the side of somebody who doesn't want to be monitored, they still play an important social role in helping those individuals who need supervision during probation.

What kind of experience does it take to become a juvenile probation officer?


A bachelor's degree is usually required; it can be in criminal justice, social work or even psychology. Some employers may even require a master's degree in the same fields. Applicants must also be able to pass written and physical tests. Most of the time, it depends on the qualifications requested by the agency.


It also takes a tough mental state to be able to work with the youth who commit crimes. A JPO will work with an individual from the day of their probation till the end. They are responsible for all paperwork and must be current on all laws concerning juvenile rights. They will usually visit the juvenile at their work or home to conduct counseling sessions.

Why would you want to become a juvenile probation officer?


Many people who have a degree in social work do so to help young people straighten out their lives. It takes dedication to integrate those who committed crime and been in jail back into society. It is a thankless job by the private sector standards, but life changing for the people that they help.


Many who are in this field are former juvenile offenders themselves and feel a strong need to give back to their communities. They help those struggling with potential prison time another way out. A strong commitment to help others is a plus.

Who does a juvenile probation officer work for?


They generally work with judges in the court system. A juvenile probation officer will communicate with judges regarding information obtained while monitoring the juvenile. They have the power to recommend sentencing based on the progress of the juvenile. They also carry out drug tests and interview family members and also employers and people who are in contact with the juvenile offender.


A JPO will work for a year under a probationary period, often called trainees. They will be offered permanent position once they have been evaluated, tested and trained. They may be required to work in a high crime area or in an institution.


Although this career choice is not considered glamorous by any means, it does have a rewarding factor. Being able to help those who need it by teaching them to understand their actions and help to rectify them through proper channels helps strengthen a community. A juvenile probation officer can help teens cope with a stressful home life, education dilemmas and societal problems.


Note: You are free to reprint or republish this article. The only condition is that the Resource Box should be included and the links are live links.

About the Author


Copywrite Kenneth Echie. Kenneth writes for
Criminal Justice Degrees
. Get free scholarship report and learn to become a
Juvenile Probation Officer
by visiting. Affiliated website:
Residual Income

Probation Officers - Career Profile

In regards to California State Employment Laws...?

I was under the impression that all businesses operating in the state of California are to comply with a 7 minute "grace period" for employees who are running late - and that only after the 7th minute, they are considered late. Am I wrong in this? If anybody has input or even a state website that states this, could you please post it? And to be clear - this isn't just in regards to state workers - all businesses in California. Thank you for your help...

I've never heard of it. I believe they can count you late once the clock ticks past your start time. Check http://www.ca.gov/Employment.html for additional info.

San Jose Lawyer Employment Law Attorney California

Employment Law Advice That Could Help Your Business

Seeking the advice of an employment law professional is a good idea if you are an employer in the UK. Employment law solicitors and advisors can help you to understand the ever changing laws in the UK, which could, in turn, help keep you out of costly lawsuits and other legal trouble that may arise.

Employers are legally responsible for their employee’s welfare and must abide by the sometimes complex employment laws of the UK. Invariably these laws change throughout the course of the year and keeping up to date should be a priority. Employment Law specialists can help to interpret the laws for you and apply them to your particular business. They can also provide regular training if you have a department within your company responsible for your employees.

There are many different laws governing personal leave, vacations, minimum wages, sick time, benefits, the grievance process, discrimination, harassment, and other workplace concerns that you need to be familiar with and of course abide by. It can be difficult for busy employers to keep track of all the regulations and requirements as well as run their business.

You could find your business in trouble if you do not abide by all of these laws, even if the infraction is unintentional. Such an occurrence can ruin the reputation of your business as well as cost large sums in legal fees, fines, and settlements. This is where UK employment law advice from an employment solicitor is particularly indispensable; to keep your business protected by keeping you up to date and in compliance with the law.

With over one hundred employment laws introduced every year for the last four years in the UK, keeping track of all your responsibilities as an employer can be challenging. More than 100,000 people took their employer to court last year alone over various violations of these laws. With one third of employment disputes resulting in dismissal and compensation limits currently over £60,000, businesses stand to loose a substantial amount from these disputes. Added to the fact that 98% of employers who win their cases are unable to recover their legal fees, being incompliant with employment laws can be costly and even devastating to a business.

UK employment law solicitors can help you to stay abreast of revisions to employment laws and new ones that will affect your business. They can help you to compile your employment handbooks, training materials, and workplace policies and ensure that they follow the laws. If you want to protect yourself as an employer and your business, consider a specialist employment law solicitor to help you make sense of it all.

This article is free to republish provided the authors resource box below remains intact.

About the Author

John Mehtam has many years experience in Employment Law and specialises in Employment Law Training from Shropshire based Alpha HR.

WHO IS ELIGIBLE FOR FMLA RIGHTS

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law part time employees[/affmage]

Transportation Studies | Job Opportunities

Transportation Industry is it a boom?

Transportation industry in US is growing swiftly due to the technological advancement.This progression in technology has provided greater means of

• Time – specific delivery of goods/vehicles
• Tracking of cargos with the help of electronic devices

We belive Transportation Industry is always a boom as it has a wide range of scholarships and fellowships and research opportunities being provided by a lot of universities. Exciting new technologies are arising from time to time.

Advances in Transportation Technology and the Shrinking of "Real" Distance

According to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics

1500-1840 1850-1930 1950s 1960s-present Best average speed for horse-drawn coaches and sailing ships was 10 mph Steam locomotives averaged 65 mph and steamships averaged 36 mph Propeller aircraft able to fly 300-400 mph Large jet aircraft able to fly 500-700 mph Infrastructure innovation Trunk canals Turnpike roads Railroads Ocean shipping Highways Airports/airlines Emergence of telecommunications Vehicle innovation Horse-powered coaches Steam engines Steamships Railroad equipment Steel ships Aircraft Automobiles Combustion engines Trucks Tractors Jet engines Containerships Megaships Post-Panamax ships

As the technology advances the job opportunities and job satisfaction also increases. According to U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, there would be more than 248,000 new jobs between 2004-2014, in transportation industry which include laborers, hand freight, stock and material movers.

Will you take up transportation studies for your career?

"Invest in yourself and your future through career planning! "

Transportation industry has greater financial security than any other industry. Other main Advantages of choosing your career in transportation includes

• World-wide marketability
• Travel opportunities
• Benefit to the society
• lofty prestige

Analysts have predicted that by the 21st century, the transportation industry will experience a shortage in qualified professionals. As a result, the U.S. Department of Transportation, state and local transportation agencies, and the University's Transportation Institute have placed a precedence on the enrollment of the "best and brightest" young people to form the nucleus of the transportation workforce for the this century.

General Transportation Studies offered at various universities.

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING is related to highway traffic control with an emphasis on traffic signals. The topics include capacity calculations for freeways, rural highways, and traffic  signals, traffic signal design, operation and timing; and short introductions to corridor management projects and traffic safety studies.

University of Minnesota - Center for Transportation Studies, has developed a game keeping in mind the tools and ideas that actual traffic control engineers use in every day life. Learn and have fun concurrently while you play "Gridlock Buster" Traffic Control Game.

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

Transportation engineering is concerned with moving people and goods efficiently, safely, and in a manner conducive to a vivacious community. This involves specifying, designing, constructing, and maintaining transportation infrastructure which includes streets, canals, highways, rail systems, airports, ports, and mass transit. It includes areas such as transportation design, transportation planning, traffic engineering, some features of urban engineering, queueing theory, pavement engineering, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), and infrastructure management.

ROAD SAFETY

Road safety is concerned about accident occurrence and corresponding probability models, estimation of safety, Identification of deviated sites and drivers. Design, validity and interpretation of studies about the safety effect of treatments. Applications: intersection safety, law enforcement, driver improvements grade crossings, insurance premiums. Introduction to road safety, ergonomics with applications, biomechanics of injury and injury scaling, accident investigation and reconstruction.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE is concerned with the causes and effects of congestion on transport associations and in simple networks. The modeling is primarily deterministic, and the emphasis is on urban, peak phase conditions.

TRANSPORTATION & DEVELOPMENT

The land use - transportation interaction is the spotlight of this course. About half the course deals with land use forecasting models used to project upcoming land use (principally population and employment distributions) for input into transportation planning studies. Models reviewed include the Lowry Model, econometric-based models and urban simulation techniques. The remainder of the course deals with the qualitative and quantitative assessment of impacts of major transportation amenities on land use patterns.

AUTO SERVICE TECHNOLOGY

Transportation Degree programs at UCLA Automotive Service Technology is a two-level course. The first level students are instructed in basic shop skills, preventative maintenance, automotive engine systems diagnosis/service, electrical systems/service, suspension, steering systems/service, and tire service. The second level students are instructed in more specialized areas such as state inspection, automotive transmission, trans-axle, air conditioning service, electronic systems, engine overhaul, emission systems diagnosis service, and performance/ durability testing.

TRANSPORTATION DESIGN COURSE

The development, design and method of systems of transport: that is the area covered by the transportation designer, the professional who is always alert to consumers psychological and emotional mechanisms, knowing how to examine and understand areas of society, culture and the requirements of different kinds of users, so is capable of devising and designing the systems, the accessories and the means of transport of the future.


The program aims to give students from a wide range of backgrounds a firm grounding in the principles, techniques, issues and practice of transport planning and engineering, thus equipping them for a professional career. It is ideally suited to students who wish to develop their understanding of the transport engineering issues which they may have initially studied during a degree in Civil Engineering or related subject.

MAJOR UNIVERSITIES IN US THAT OFFER TRANSPORTAION STUDIES

Institute Of Transportation Studies - University of California, Berkeley

The Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, is one of the world's leading centers for transportation research, education, and scholarship. It is home to a large, diverse, and continually changing community of people who are experts in all aspects of transportation. Degree Programs / Courses offered at UC Berkeley

University of Minnesota | Centre for Transportation Studies

The field of transportation is diverse and complex. It involves all sectors of society and required skills from a variety of disciplines to address its challenges. The Center for Transportation Studies addresses these challenges through multidisciplinary research, education, and outreach programs. Transportation Career Guide

Department of Transportation Studies Texas Southern University

The field of transportation is diverse and complex. It involves all sectors of society and required skills from a variety of disciplines to address its challenges. The Center for Transportation Studies addresses these challenges through multidisciplinary research, education, and outreach programs. Department of Transportation Studies

Urban Transportation Center - University of Illinois at Chicago

The Urban Transportation Center at UIC is dedicated to conducting research and education and providing technical assistance on urban transportation planning, policy, operations and management. We specialize in three core clusters of transportation research: disadvantaged populations and human sustainability, Intelligent Transportation Systems, and public transportation, highways and freight planning, operations and management.

University of California Transportation Center

The Urban Transportation Center at UIC is dedicated to conducting research and education and providing technical assistance on urban transportation planning, policy, operations and management. We specialize in three core clusters of transportation research: disadvantaged populations and human sustainability, Intelligent Transportation Systems, and public transportation, highways and freight planning, operations and management.

Employment opportunities for young workers?

Transportation industry has enormous employment opportunities in the future.  Employment is projected to increase by 1.1 million between 2004 and 2014 for transportation and material moving occupations. There would be more job opportunities for truck drivers and sales workers in future.

According to U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, there would be more than 248,000 new jobs between 2004-2014, in transportation industry which include laborers, hand freight, stock and material movers.

In the present scenario, employers prefer hiring young workers in the transportation industry. Industry employers are targeting high school, technical school and community college graduates and also tapping dislocated workers, disabled personnel, veterans etc.

Skills required for different transportation sectors

For truck transportation and warehousing jobs, employers generally prefer workers who have high school education, but in reality, workers have basic college education. To become a truck driver, they have to meet certain federal motor carrier safety regulations.

1. They should be at least 21 years of old
2. Should have 20/40 vision
3. Should be able to hear properly, be able to speak and read English and also possess good driving records.
4. Truck drivers should get a state commercial driver’s license (CDL).

To get this license they need to pass a written examination and a driving test. Each company has certain criteria’s for selecting a truck driver. Some companies also conduct tests before hiring truck drivers. So applicants need to ensure that they clear these tests also. There are various schools which provide training to truck drivers. Truck drivers attend these training schools before joining any company

For railroad transportation jobs, applicants should have physical stamina for entry-level jobs. They should pass a physical examination, drug and alcohol screening and a criminal background check. For various positions in this industry they should have high school education or its equivalent. Most of the employees in this sector work 24*7. They work during nights, over weekends and also on holidays. Rail yard workers work outdoors in varying weather conditions. While selecting entry level conductors or locomotive engineers they should be at least 21 years of age.

Conductors should be trained by employers or go through a conductor training program. Workers in the engineer positions are selected based on the experience they possess in other railroad-operating jobs.

Some of the important jobs in ground passenger transportation sector are bus and truck mechanics, diesel engine specialists, first-line supervisors, vehicle operators, intercity bus drivers and managers of transportation and material moving machine. Bus drivers should be well – mannered and have strong customer service skills.

Federal regulations require drivers who drive commercial motor vehicles have a commercial driver’s license (CDL). For diesel service technician and mechanic jobs, employers prefer graduates who have gone through formal training programs. There are many community colleges and vocational schools that provide training in diesel repair.

There are many institutions who offer training in communication skills, customer service, basic education in physics and logical reasoning techniques. If diesel service technicians go through these formal training program they can excel in their job

In sightseeing transportation and support activities sector, important jobs are aircraft mechanics, service technicians and customer service representatives. If a person wants to become an aircraft mechanic, he can study in one of 200 trade schools certified by FAA. Aircraft mechanics must have a high degree of mechanical aptitude. Necessary skills that aircraft mechanics need to possess are

1. They need to be self-motivated
2. Hard working and enthusiastic
3. Solve complex mechanical problems

Applicants are selected based on the above criteria.

If a person wishes to become a customer service representative, he should possess the necessary skills like

1. Basic computer knowledge
2. Good interpersonal skills
3. Interaction with the public
4. Strong communication and problem solving skills

To become a customer service representative they should have a minimum of high school diploma degree.

How is US Congress and the ETA contributing to its growth?

Employment and Training Administration (ETA) in aid with Workforce Innovation in Regional Economic Development (WIRED) is planning to invest more than $260 million in 26 different regions throughout United States. WIRED aims to create high skill and high wage opportunities for American workers which will lead to economical and talent development. By taking these steps, ETA will be able to create skilled workforce which will create an impact in today’s economy.

ETA is planning to invest nearly $23,281,291 in transportation industry. From this about $7,640,253 would be used in four high growth Job Training Initiative grants and nearly $15,641,038 in eight Community based job training grants.

Department of Labor's(DOL) Employment and Training Administration is supporting inclusive partnerships that contains employers, labor-management organizations, the public workforce system, and other entities that have developed innovative approaches that address the labor force needs of business while also efficiently helping workers find good jobs with good wages and promising career pathways in the transportation industry.

This set of workforce solutions is based on the transportation industry's priorities that address issues such as:

• Helping high school, technical school, and community college graduates successfully get into the transportation industry;
• Creating industry standards, and systems for apprenticeship, training, and skill certification in the transportation sector;
• Developing inclusive, competency-based training programs for entry-level workers;
• Creating models of safety imitation and gaming software that can be used to enhance the learning of younger workers;
• Developing competency-based training program for entry-level mariners;
• Developing competency-based e-learning courses for mariners;
• Establish distance learning facilities in selected ports and two Seafarers International Union centers;
• Providing disadvantaged job applicants with an opportunity to enter the transportation industry as professional drivers;
• Articulating the commercial drivers license credential with the Technical Certificate in Heavy-Truck Diesel Maintenance; and
• Developing effective partnerships with Workforce Investment Boards and One-Stop Career Centers, community colleges, and industry.

The grants are planned to provide genuine solutions, leadership, and models for partnerships that can be simulated in different parts of the country.

DOL has also sought to understand and implement industry-identified strategies to confront critical labor force shortages. It has listened to employers representing dealerships, manufacturers, and suppliers, industry association representatives, educators, the public workforce system, and others related with the automotive industry regarding some of their efforts to recognize challenges and implement effective workforce strategies. DOL's Employment and Training Administration is supporting comprehensive business, education, and workforce enlargement partnerships that have developed innovative approaches that address the workforce needs of business while also effectively helping workers find good jobs with good wages and promising career pathways in the automotive industry.

This set of labor force solutions is based on the automotive industry's priorities that address issues such as:

• Expanding the pipeline of youth entering the automotive industry;
• Helping alternative labor pools gain industry-defined skills and competencies;
• Developing alternative training strategies, such as apprenticeship, distance learning, and accelerated training, for training automotive professionals;
• Developing tools and curriculum for enhancing the skills of automotive professionals for nationwide distribution;
• Enhancing the capacity of educational institutions to train to industry-defined competencies;
• Developing industry-defined career ladders and lattices and corresponding competency models and curriculum;
• Developing strategies to maintain and help incumbent workers move into higher level positions; and
• Assisting transitioning individuals from declining industries to high growth industries by building on their existing skills and training them for high growth automotive occupations.

The grants are intended to provide genuine solutions, leadership, and models for partnerships that can be replicated in different parts of the country.

About the Author

Jack Race is an expert author for Car transport and auto transport. He has written many articles like car shipping, vehicle transport and auto shipping. For more information visit our site Transportation Studies And Job Oppertunities Contact him at aaat@gmail.com

Law Cutbacks Continue as Chicago Firms Cut 80 Jobs

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law advice online[/mage]
Employment advice for teenager?

I'm a 16 year old student with good grades and work experience in retail and warehouse work, but I'm finding it impossible to get a job. I've applied in person at many retail shops and cafes at my local centers, applied online for large chain stores, fast food restuarants, everything I can think of. I've even offered babysitting/cleaning services in my area but there's no demand, and scoured online careers websites. I've asked friends and family if they know of any opportunities but I keep hitting dead ends. Most places I've applied have not contacted me at all, and I've had a few interviews that have eventuated to nothing. I am incredibly frustrated, what else can i do?

You won't get a job if there's no jobs available, plain and simple. Many adults are having no luck in getting jobs, and they have more experience and skills than you do.

Your only hope is to keep looking and filling out applications.

Most places won't contact applicants unless they plan on offering a job.

Colorado personal injury lawyers Intellectual Property ' Pos

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law advice online[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]employment law advice online[/affmage]

Are temp agencies in NYC obligated by law to pay vacation benefits after one year of employment?

Is it a law or company choice to pay for vacation time after one year of employment?

I am not sure but I doubt it. They are required by law to pay you minimum wage and overtime over 40 hours, even if there are 2 jobs are at 2 seperate sites. I don't think there is a law about paid vacation. You could check with the dept. of Labor.

NYC Board of Ed "teaches" its employees to break the law

yeah is what my employer did against the law? ?

yeah i am kind of lost on what to do about my last employer accent marketing llc in kansas city missouri privet contractor for sprint here is what happened i got sick in February i filled out the f,m,l,a forms thin in march i received a letter saying that thay would call me when thay wanted me to come back thin in june thay sent me a letter saying that i was no longer eligible for employment with them thin thay illegally forged my singure on a document and send in to the Missouri division of unemployment security and i told them that was not my singure and thay said that yes it was so how do i get my unemployment benefits i need help please

Yes. Forgery is always illegal.

Part 1 General Mills Racial Discrimination / Hang noose hate crime act

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]california employment law for employers[/mage]

California Overtime Laws: Top 4 Common Employer Mistakes

A California labor law attorney has revealed the four most common mistakes that employers make in violation of California overtime laws. Although California labor laws for breaks and lunches are clear, nevertheless employers tend to overlook something as simple as giving their employees a meal or rest break. While this is only one of our top three violations, it is often the most overlooked.

1. The most predominant Employer mistake or violation appears to be the failure to properly classify managers and supervisors as exempt or non-exempt from overtime. Employers tend to believe that just giving the employee the title of manager or supervisor will suffice when it comes to classifying such employees as exempt from overtime. If improper classifications are made, a California labor law attorney may eventually come knocking and if he/she does, it could be expensive. The fact of the matter is that under California overtime laws, the job duties an employee performs and how much they perform these duties determines whether that employee is exempt from overtime or not.

1. Another common (and somewhat overtime pay related) violation is providing comp time in violation of California overtime laws. Comp time occurs when an employer requires an employee to work additional hours beyond their standard shift without paying overtime. The Employer then allows the employee to come in the next day a few hours late as “compensation.” This is unlawful if this act entails depriving the employee of California overtime pay based on the daily overtime regulation.

1. As briefly mentioned above, another common violation is failure to abide by California labor laws for breaks and lunches. Each employee that is non exempt is entitled to a 30 minute uninterrupted lunch break after 5 hours of work, and a 10 minute break after 3.5 hours of work. In the event such California labor laws for breaks and lunches are not adhered to, the employee is then entitled to one hour of pay for a missed meal or break period (limit one hour per day regardless of number of breaks missed in a day) and the statute can go back as far as four years for recovery! Failure to provide a meal or break period could have a far reaching complication for employers who pay only minimum wage, and could cause employees to fall below the California minimum wage level. This could expose the employer to serious and expensive penalties as well. Employers are required to provide meals and to protect themselves, should attempt to not only require that the breaks are taken timely, but require that a record be kept to show compliance with California labor laws for breaks and lunches.

1. The fourth most common violation that a California labor law attorney may discover is the failure of employers to pay for expenses incurred by Under California Labor Code 2802. Employers are required to reimburse employees for expenses they incur in the discharge of their duties. It is clear that California overtime laws are not only strict, but so are many other California labor laws designed to protect the California employee. Some common expenses that are to be reimbursed are: non commuting mileage, cell phone expense, internet expense, and office supplies. Many employers take for granted that failure to reimburse these expenses exposes them to possible California class actions as well as individual lawsuits.

It is suggested that you take the time to educate yourself about California labor laws as they relate to those areas in your unique workplace. If you are unsure about interpreting certain California overtime laws, and you feel there may be an employer infraction or “mistake”, it is recommended that you find a California labor law attorney and seek the proper legal advice and counsel. Often employer violations are simply the result of ignorance and/or a lack of understanding of California labor laws. While that is a reason, it is not an excuse and does not permit any employer to be exempt from diligently applying the regulations enforced by the California Labor Board.

About the Author

Lars Vheltzer is a freelance journalist who will suggest when employees may be best served by retaining a California labor law attorney. He comments on issues related to California overtime laws and California labor laws for breaks and lunches.

Employment Lawyer, Business Law, Pasadena, CA

A few questions about MA retail employment laws.?

In a store, about 6000 sq ft, with 10+ employees, is it legal to...

http://www.mass.gov/Cago/docs/Workplace/wageandhour_complaintform.pdf is the form you use to make a complaint about not being paid properly.

You are allowed to take a 30 min unpaid meal break if your shift lasts more than 6 hours; if you can't/don't take this break, you must be paid for the whole time you are working.

MA law does not distinguish between part time and full time employees, so yes, a part time employee can work more than 40 hours a week.

I don't think there are any rules against working 7 days per week, so long as weekly overtime is paid - Time and a half for any hours over 40.

You have the right to view your payroll file, at a reasonable time and place. Your employer can't refuse a reasonable request.

What Part of "Legal" Don't You Understand, Lou?

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law part time staff[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law advice for employers[/mage]
Labour and Employment
Charles Russell LLP United Kingdom: Fit notes - What do they mean for employers and employees?
Welcome to LawCentral

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law advice for employers[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]employment law advice for employers[/affmage]

Labour and Employment
Employers likely have not noticed a significant shift in the enforcement of labor and employment laws under the Obama administration. That is about to change.
Employment Case: Is Bias Favoring Employee Who Is Sleeping With The Boss Discrimination?

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law cases employer[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]employment law cases employer[/affmage]

how much do employment law specialists get paid?

I've heard the pay is average... Some states anywhere from 25,000 to 30,000 a year. Not nearly enough for the protection that they offer or for putting their lives on the line.

JAF Employment Video.wmv

Paralegals - Vital Members of the Legal Team

by Mike Churchill

Ask almost any attorney which employee is most valuable and you'll often get the same answer: the paralegal. The name says it all. "Para" comes from the root meaning "alongside" and "legal" means "lawyer." Together they describe someone who has legal knowledge and works directly alongside a lawyer, but is not formally trained as an attorney. Having someone who possesses specialized skills and can offer assistance in a meaningful way is of vital importance to law firms as well as corporate legal teams, government agencies and others. That may be why job demand is expected to rise.

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Employment is projected to grow much faster than average, as employers try to reduce costs by hiring paralegals to perform tasks formerly carried out by lawyers. Competition for jobs should continue; experienced, formally trained paralegals should have the best employment opportunities." (http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos114.htm) This projection should hold true nationwide; so whether you live in Los Angeles or Missouri, paralegal training can provide the skills necessary to perform the responsibilities required.

Those job duties will vary from organization to organization and from city to city. For example, if working in a corporate environment in Chicago, you might find yourself providing administrative-type tasks. However, you might conduct legal research or organize a briefing if working for a law firm in St. Louis. Paralegal program graduates have to be multi-talented in order to keep pace with this demanding, yet rewarding, career: A fact that holds true whether working in Illinois or Missouri.

Paralegal Training Can Prepare You For the Real World

It is explicitly prohibited for a paralegal to carry out work deemed to be the practice of law, such as giving legal advice or trying cases in court. However, virtually everything else is subject to being performed by an assistant. Students enrolled in a St. Louis paralegal program can learn that the most common responsibilities paralegals perform include:

Legal Research - Are there previous cases where precedents were set in favor of the client? Has all relevant information been considered? Have the laws on the books been studied in full? Attorneys depend heavily on paralegals to conduct accurate research for any number of reasons.

Legal Writing and Filing - Another primary function of the paralegal is drafting and filing legal documents. Contracts, mortgages, separation agreements, trusts, wills, deeds, motions, pleadings, affidavits and many others will usually cross the paralegal's desk before the lawyers.

Litigation Support - Preparing for opening statements and closing arguments as well as witness location, taking depositions and other tasks are often performed by a qualified paralegal.

Once general studies have been completed, a paralegal may choose to continue his or her education by working toward any number of specialties. Labor law, family law, bankruptcy, real estate and others might provide ways to turn this gratifying career path in a new direction.

Are you organized, self-motivated and detail oriented? Do you find the law and legal processes fascinating? Do you have strong writing and computer skills? Then paralegal studies may be satisfying for you. Check into schools in your area that offer paralegal training. You might find a new career path that can help you achieve your career goals.

About the Author

Mike Churchill provides marketing support for the Schools In St. Louis. Paralegal program applications are currently being taken. For details and registration information, visit http://www.schoolsinstlouis.com. © 2007, All Rights Reserved

Tips on Litigation from Chicago Employment Law Firm

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law regulations ny[/mage]

Milton Friedman - Free to Choose 1990 - 1of 5 The Power of the Market PL 1/5

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]national employment law denver[/mage]

Denver Mesothelioma Attorneys

What is Mesothelioma?

The National Cancer Institute states that, “Malignant mesothelioma, a rare form of cancer, is a disease in which malignant cells are found in the lining of the chest or abdomen.”

How do you get Mesothelioma?

Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhale asbestos particles or have been exposed to asbestos dust and fiber in other ways like on the skin.

What are some of the Signs and Symptoms of Mesothelioma?

The symptoms of mesothelioma may not appear until 20 to 50 years after exposure to asbestos. Some of the signs and symptoms include: weight loss, shortness of breath, fatigue, acute pain in the abdominal region and chest area, abdominal swelling and anemia.

What are some of the Treatments used for Mesothelioma?

Treatments include: conventional therapies, surgeries, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and or a combination of treatment and medications.

Are there Legal Issues involved in Mesothelioma?

If you or someone you love has been diagnosed with mesothelioma, you may have legal right to seek compensation from the companies responsible for your exposure to asbestos. If you wish to seek compensation for your diagnosis and the pain and suffering that comes with mesothelioma, then it is important that you consult an attorney immediately.

What should I do after being diagnosed with Mesothelioma in Denver?

Once diagnosed with mesothelioma, and you are getting the proper care and treatment by a professional medical team, you should immediately seek legal advice and counsel from a knowledgeable mesothelioma attorney who has experience in such cases. Your mesothelioma diagnosis will require medical and legal advice, which is where a qualified Denver mesothelioma attorney can help you. A qualified Denver mesothelioma attorney will be able to tell you everything you need to know about your legal rights and the amount of compensation to expect. Mesothelioma attorneys have the expertise in settling mesothelioma cases. You deserve the best treatment both medically and legally, so seek the aid of a qualified Atlanta mesothelioma attorney as soon as possible.

Why do I need to file a Lawsuit?

Filing a mesothelioma lawsuit against your employer or big companies can be intimidating. However, these companies need to be held accountable for providing an unsafe working environment for their employees. Because of their negligence, you have to go through an enormous amount of pain and suffering.

It is not your fault that you were exposed to asbestos and it should not be your responsibility to bear the financial burden. This is a terrible disease and you should seek the compensation that you deserve. The treatment can be very expensive and can become a heavy burden on you and your loved ones during such a difficult time.
An experienced Denver mesothelioma attorney can help you get the compensation you and your family deserve. Hiring an attorney will also increase your chances of winning your lawsuit.

Is there a Statue of Limitation to file a Lawsuit?

The law imposes a statute of limitations however; it varies from state to state and Denver is no exception. This is why it is so important that you consult a mesothelioma attorney immediately, because you may only have a limited amount of time in which a lawsuit can be filed.

Where can I find a Qualified Mesothelioma Attorney in Denver?

If you live in Denver, you should consult with a Denver mesothelioma attorney who is experienced in handling such cases. Attorneys who handle mesothelioma cases represent clients who have suffered adverse health effects from exposure to asbestos either on the job or in products. Most mesothelioma attorneys have their own websites. You can do a search on the internet or ask your doctor for a referral to a mesothelioma attorney in the Denver area or ask your local bar association for recommendations.

About the Author

Denver Mesothelioma Attorneys

Recieve Experienced Legal Services from National Law Firm Burg, Simpson Eldredge, Hersh, & Jardine

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law advice employers[/mage]

Find a Legal Advice of Employment Lawyer Over Employment Issues

Employment according to dictionary means service. Employment involves two parties; employer and employee. Usually there exists a form of contract or a set of terms and conditions in employment. The employer is the person who holds power and is ideally in the authoritarian position and the employee is the person hired to render service/labour. Employment is a very important facet of a working person’s life. To him, employment defines his existence; his life-style, standard of living and bare necessities of life are regulated by employment.

Individuals, in most cases are competent enough to manage employment issues or any employment related issues themselves. But in some cases, the situation becomes grave and tricky and legal help is asked for. There are well-defined laws in every form of employment. However, with changes in every field and every aspect of life, these employment laws are changing rapidly. Even the most tactful and competent employer seeks help of an Employment lawyer to keep things in control. This is from one point of view, i.e. the employer’s side of the story. Employees, working and serving whole-heartedly often become victims of ill-treatment, sudden dismissal or discrimination. Many king-size organizations have trade unions to maintain employee interests and job security. But they also need the advice of employment lawyers to save their interests fighting against the employer.

Duncan Lewis & Co. is one of the leading and fastest growing law firms in U.K. Since its birth in 1998, Duncan Lewis & Co. have earned both name and fame in serving country’s corporate bodies and individual private clients with quality legal advice and winning law cases of any form. Duncan Lewis & Co. is highly reputed for settling the most complicated employment disputes. Employment law is changing everyday with all new forms of modernity and you really need to take expert assistance to sort any employment issues.

Our clientele ranges from individual Employees to small or big Employers and we render our service to all of them alike. We assist employees in case of sudden change of employment contract, sudden dismissal, racial/sexual harassment, bullying at work, holiday/sick pay or maternity rights, employee representation at Tribunals and settling any other unique employment hazards. Our employment department is available to help you in advising or making any employment legislation. It includes all issues regarding drafting of contracts, making agreements and negotiations, dismissals, defending claims against discrimination and the like.

Duncan Lewis & Co. helps you resolve any employment related issues or disputes at competitive rates and you are sure to get value for money. Clients are satisfied by the quality service they get from us and contact us time and again, whenever needed. For any employment related advice, visit duncanlewis.co.uk for immediate results.

About the Author

Sridhar is an experienced writer with expertise in writing about unlawful dismissal from work, non payment of wages & race discrimination at work place.

What If The Employer Pre Breaches A Non-Compete Agreement

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law advice employers[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]employment law advice employers[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law queensland[/mage]

Top Five Universities Overseas For 2010

Students understand the value that comes from studying overseas.  Many employers are looking for employees that have any sort of language and cross-cultural education in order to build on today's global marketplace, and so college students who can fit in a semester or a year of study in  an overseas program have a marketable addition to their resumes.  College in Australia and New Zealand continues to be popular for foreign study, and there are five universities that consistently rank as student favorites.  They include Australian National University, University of Sydney, University of Melbourne, as well as University of Auckland and University of Queensland.

5. Australian National University

This Australian college is located in Canberra, the capital city of Australia.  Ranked in the top twenty universities in the world by The Times Higher Education and Newsweek Magazine, this institution is known for its research and study opportunities.  Australian National University offers degree programs in Arts and Social Sciences, Business and Economics, Engineering and Computer Science, Law, Medicine, Science as well as Asian and Pacific Studies.  They offer an Internship program that features small group teaching, and thirty-nine different programs at the graduate level of study.

4. University of Sydney

A large university with over 47,000 students in attendance, the University of Sydney is located only five minutes from the heart of downtown Sydney.  This prominent university has produced three Nobel Prize winners as well as three prime ministers, each of whom earned a college degree from this prestigious university.

3. University of Melbourne

Four professors at the famed University of Melbourne are Nobel Prize winners, two for Physiology and Medicine and two for Economic Science.  With 40,000 students, University of Melbourne offers a unique educational system known as the Melbourne Model, which offers a unique "Melbourne experience" for all the students at this fine university.

2. University of Auckland

With 38,000 students, the University of Auckland, located on the North Island of New Zealand, is a great place for meeting a diverse student body who study abroad.  New Zealand provides the perfect location for students from over ninety different countries to attend this superior university.  Located in the capital city of New Zealand, students here enjoy the busy urban lifestyle, although a lovely harbor and parks are nearby.  A bachelor’s degree can be earned in a host of distinctive subject areas, including Maori Studies, and Geography, where trips to Antarctica for research are not uncommon.

1. University of Queensland

Students come to the University of Queensland, which has won more awards for University Teaching excellence than any other Australian college.  The university is located in and near Brisbane, and features four main campuses.  Three hundred and fifty different degree programs are offered by this outstanding university.

Make plans to attend one of these superb universities today.

About the Author

Wayne Hemrick writes about--getting your college degree from Universities Overseas.

Employment and Workplace Relation Laws - Ferguson Cannon Lawyers

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law severance agreement[/mage]
My company had a downsizing, what's the law w/ regard 2 signing a severance agreement that u don't agree with?

Here's what's going on: my company is laying off 20% of those people who "don't perform." They're going back 3 years, looking at sales numbers, and cutting the lowest 20%. Unfortunately, I had a bad 2004, but 2005 & 06 were great years (all documented). I have 2 counterparts that have only been with my company a little over a year. When it comes time to crunch the numbers, they'll only be measured by 2006's data (my best year and their ONLY year). I've got 1 bad year, 2 good years; they get 1 good year that counts as 3. THAT REALLY DOESN'T SEEM FAIR - AND I KNOW LIFE ISN'T FAIR - BUT CAN I DO ANYTHING ABOUT IT?

If you know for sure you are on your way out, don't sign it.
All your HR dept can say is that you worked there and are elibible for re hire. Meanwhile line something else up quick. Its best if you can segue into something eles and have one or two jobs between your current one and the next place you really want to be.

Things to Consider Before Signing that Severance Agreement

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]florida employment law salary[/mage]
Can I sue my employer because of this? 10 PTS BEST ANSWER?

I am a 1099 employee in Florida, but I am under NO contract, work SET hours, and I am on a set salary (no commission). I am not "self employed". They are going to "let me go". It is for a lawyer that I work, but obviously I don't deal with employment law. Do I have any legal recourse in this? They have done many other things that I could sue for, but this is HUGE to me because now I can't collect unemployment. Any help would be GREATLY appreciated. 10 PTS BEST ANSWER. Thank you soooo much!
Sassy..I have a reason for not saying anything..it was another company before and I was a legit 1099 employee, they switched to another company and that's when they put me on 1099 and gave me no choice in the matter. It's hard to find a job, so I wasn't about to quit

File a complaint with the Florida Unemployment Commission. Tell them that you were misclassified as "contract labor" instead of as an employee, and that you are entitled to unemployment benefits.

They will do an investigation. They should rule in your favor, but if they don't, tell them that you want to request a "hearing."

Be very firm in your insistence that you were an employee, and not an independent contractor.

Contact them as soon as possible.

http://www.floridajobs.org/unemployment/uc_appeals_comm_default.html

You should not have any trouble getting unemployment benefits.

A note regarding "employee contracts." If, by definition of the law a person is an employee (under direction or control as it relates to job performance), any "employee contract" is an ILLEGAL CONTRACT and is against the law. It is totally worthless and is NOT admissable in court. It's not worth the paper it's written on. You cannot make a contract that is in violation of the law!

One more thing . . . You are NOT required to have any "proof" of wages or anything. The State is required to investigate all claims of misclassification of wages. If you contact them and tell them that they have workers that they are calling contract labor, then the State will do an investigation. The State is required to do this. They will investigate all of their accounting records for the last 3 years. The results will also be given to the IRS and eventually the IRS will also assess the business for Federal unemployment taxes also. No proof is necessary.

Legal Information Tips : Nurse Paralegal Salaries

Former county commissioner denies culpability as sentencing date approaches
McALLEN — Her sentencing date is nearly two months away. But the wrangling over how much time — if any — former Hidalgo County Commissioner Sylvia Handy should spend in prison has already begun. The federal government continues to maintain that...
Managing Employment Litigation Risk with Proactive Analyses

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]attorneys employment law houston texas[/mage]
Farella Braun + Martels Diversity Scholarship Program Continues Aiding Minority, First-Year Law Students
SAN FRANCISCO – Farella Braun + Martel LLP has awarded its annual Diversity Scholarship of $5,000 to five first-year students at Bay Area law schools, totaling $25,000. Marking its 10th year, the firm has provided $194,000 in scholarship aid for deserving students with socially and ethnically diverse backgrounds.
Appealing Denied Disability Claim | The Texas Law Firm of Baily & Galyen

Laws Questions and Answers

Do I invite my ex-in laws to my wedding?
I dont talk to my ex husband but me and his parents are always calling each other up to say hi. We see each other at church functions and stuff. But would it be like an insult to them for me to invite them to my wedding? Me and my.

Do illegal immigrants who work in the U.S pay any kind of taxes?
If not then why are they aloud to protest as if they are law abiding citizens?? If they do pay taxes, and follow our laws then why are they such a problem? I do think it is wrong to enter the nation illegally, but they are.

Do judicial laws truly favor the rich? (Those who can afford high powered lawyers/ can influence judges)?
Note all those recent cases where criminals get away with commiting all kinds of crimes. Our system favors the rich in two ways. First, if you are rich enough, you can hire an army of the best lawyers, expert witnesses, and provide.

Do laws that are difficult to enforce or prove punish honest people?
I am thinking of illegal immigration and the impact it has on employers who are unwilling to accept false social security numbers or pay in cash. I am also thinking of some of the ethical obligations imposed on lawyers like duties to disclose model rule 4.1. The.

Do lawyers vote liberal or conservative? Where's the stats?
Liberal. Trial lawyers love Democrats, as they are anti-big business and tend to pass laws that give lawyers a greater chance to sue and make money. - Cheney's probably vote liberal. - why you need a lawyer? - not every lawyet is a trial lawyer. What about corporate lawyers,.

Do Publishing Companies Enforce Copyright Infringement Lawsuits?
I have a friend who was selling solutions manuals on ebay (PDF files) and ebay stopped the listings but not before he sold several manuals. My friend is not a bigtime operator and didn't know the copyright laws. One of the publishing companies recently sent him a letter telling him that he.

Do schools still teach kids about not breaking laws, like they taught me in the 1950's?
of course! I am so sick and tired of people dumping on younger generations. THere has always been bullies, and a few bad apples that broke the rules and up set the wider public. Just because you have some idealized picture of.

Do the laws today protect people from discrimantion at the workplace?
What kind of lawsuits go to cout over discrimination in the workplace? Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), which prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; the Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA), which protects men and women.

Majority of Americans support stricter gun control laws?
so rednecks do you realize that you are minority? Should we Americans protect you ? LOL http://www.pollingreport.com/guns.htm.laws I'm sorry, but the fact that you used 'LOL' in your statement really threw me off. - NOPE, we have the guns, we can protect ourselves. Professing themselves to be wise,.

Marriage laws what is it and why do we have them?
Marriage licencse are regarsterd by law why is that? Marriages under the common law (the law from England and the Middle Ages), were essentially contracts. Marriages were very important. Land, money, alliances, goods, soldiers, and ships would be exchanged between families as part of a marriage. Some people.

Massachusettes hidden camera laws.?
It is legal for a business to install and record people in a public business, specifically without the consent or knowlege of employees. Yes except in private places like rest rooms & dressing rooms. They do not have to notify employees in break rooms or work stations. - Yes it is. The only places they.

Massachusetts Obesity Law?
Massachusetts is pushing a law that would prohibit discrimination based on weight. Why are obese people now considered a recognizable group and why should laws be passed to compensate the weak? Our airlines went through this a few years ago with the obese. They had to decide if the obese should pay for one or two.

Mayor Bloomberg of NYC is as close to a dictator as Sadaam?
Because he quit smoking, he pushed laws to ban smoking in all places, because he eats healthy, he bans transfat from restaurants, now because he doesn't want traffic in manhattan, he is trying to impose an $8 charge to come into the city by vehicle. Where is.

Michigan statutory rape laws ?
okay my boyfriend is 17 , and i'm 15 . We are exactly 2 years and 2 days apart ?? He keeps spazzing because my dad doesn't like him and he thinks that once he turns 18 he's going to try and take him to jail because i'll only be 16 . i dont.

More Loopy laws?
It's against the law for a woman to be topless in public unless they're an assistant in a fish store. women should be allowed to go topless when they want, life would be great. - Oh that is TOO funny! Is that so the fish will slide down her back into the aquarium when they accidentally.

Moving out of the Home?
Hey. I live in West Virginia, and I know all about the emancipation laws. However, I am already seventeen, and I dropped out of school to be at the care of my mom who has lymphoma. We are trying to get home schooling in order, but it may not be possible. I know that.

My aunt just passed away but no will?
She owned a home before she died and did not have a will. My sister and I are the only two living relatives of hers. Who gets the property? If she died intestate all of her assets will pass to her heirs as specified in her state's intestacy laws. State laws.

My best friend is 18 and his girl is 16 about to be 17.. is it illegal if she's 17?
let me know Being 17 is not illegal. - Depends on the state. - Depends on the state. - is what illegal? for them to be dating? no. If they have sex, it depends on the laws from your.

My car has been repaired for the same defect more than four times and the problem is still occurring?
what should I do? should i take the help of a lawyer ? Take the help of Lawyer. Your issue comes under lemon law. Lemon laws often vary from state to state and may not necessarily cover used or leased.

My DUI was expunged earlier this year, an I still required to have a SR-22 even though 'not guilty' was enterd
Expungement is NOT the same as 'not guilty'. You need to check the laws of your state to see how this affects you. However, it is LIKELY that you no longer need SR-22 because as far as.

My Employer Wanted me to Break the Laws of EEOC?
My supervisor hired me (HR Recruiter) to help her with knowing employment laws. She told me not to hire people of a protected class (blacks) within certain zip codes. She also asked how she could fire a pregnant woman because, 'I can't have someone taking off time from work'..

My neighbor has long branches that hang over my fence. Can I cut them without his permission?
Depends on where you live. Generally, yes. But. most states in the U.S. have strict liability arbor laws. That is, if you kill or damage the tree by your action, then you pay. Be carefull. Take a look at the prices.

Myspace, facebook or other social networking site laws?
Name all the laws or causes of action you can think of that relate or could relate to a person's participation on a social networking site. For instace, intentional infliction of emotional distress, defamation, identity theft, etc. Have fun! Let's see how many we can name, and if you know of.

Need answers about my employers obligation on 'paid' activities?
My job has told me that if I do NOT go to counseling that I will be fired. My question is, 'do they have to pay me for time missed due to this or is it my loss'? What are the laws on this type of situation? I think it.

Need answers on 'confidentiality' laws?
Am wondering if anyone knows about this, or where I can go to see if my employer is breaking the law with disclosing my 'private' record and coversations with other management and employees? I thought that my rehab worker at work had to keep my file and our discussions private?? find out if the.

New Laws? If a child takes drugs to school, is it a Federal issue? DO state laws now mandate a crime such as?
this no longer remain as youthful offense. My friend was told this offense would remain in her son's record after he is 18? Wondering if Colunbine or 'No child left behind' laws changed the statute to.

Non Americans for stricter gun laws in America, please answer this?
I don't expect you to have a different conclusion if you've done this, but I would like to know if you've ever given thought to why so many of us prefer non highly restrictive gun laws. In my observation, most of you judge guns either by crime rates.

Now What to do?
The day before yesterday, the greatest amok shooting massacre in the history of this country unfolded before a very unsuspecting, surprised, and shocked community in Blacksburg, Virginia. But Sen. Harry Reid, a democrat, along with others who should now be in a very good position to make significant changes in laws that are undoubtedly at.

Ok but what does the Executive Branch deal with besides Bush like what kind of laws?
When someone asks this kind of question, it makes me wonder where you went to school. If it was in the US you have had 12 years to study this. There are three branches of government.. The Legislative, the Executive and the.

Once convicted i think all peadophiles should be hung do you?
why do we put up with the stupid laws when our kids are not safe I would not go saying this in Vermont. you would be public enemy #1. O'Rielly all tho a big mouth at time who loves to hear himself talk, does have my respect for.

More Law questions please visit : LawFreeFAQ.com

About the Author

LawFreeFAQ.com

Employment Law : How to Do a Background Check

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]labor and employment law chicago[/mage]
What Law School Should my Brother Go to?

My brother is what i call REALLY SMART. He went to Howard University, where he just graduated summa cum laud (3.92 GPA) after 3.5 years. He received his B.A. degree in Political Science (in a Pre-Law track) and a minor in Sociology.
He just got back his LSAT scores, where he scored a 165 out of 180. I'm trying (and the rest of my family) to convince him to apply to Harvard or Yale Law School. Do you think he can get into either? So far he has only applied to Georgetown, University of Chicago, and Stanford. And if this helps, im sure he said something about going into labor/employment law.

if he likes the programs at harvard or yale, have him apply there.
even if he thinks he can't make it in
also, it's not all about smartness
he needs a high gpa, extracarriculars, and yeah high lsa t(which he apparently has)
but i mean
it really depends on him
georgetown, uni of chicaog, and stanford are -really- good
harvard and yale aren't for -everyone-
i mean there's cornell, brown, etc.
if he's looking to be at the site of politics
have him apply at american university - right in the heart of d.c. he could prob get a ton ton tonnn of experience working with politicians, lawyers, etc there

but overall, he prob knows where he wants to go
and how many interviews he's willing to do
keep in mind he'll prob have to fly to all these places to get his interviews done

Barry A Gomberg & Associates Ltd. - Chicago, IL

By law, to what extent may new employers contact your previous ones?

This is just a question about employment. Say my resume says that I did a certain job at my previous company and I give the new prospective employer permission to contact my previous employers. What information may they obtain legally without any breach? I have heard mixed answers on this, I have also heard that the only thing they can say is that they may confirm you were once an employee, nothing more.

The weight of the law lies with your previous employer. They are only allowed to verify that you worked there, when you worked there and if they would hire you again. That's it.

Your new employer may be able to read between the lines depending on how the question get answered. Try referring your potential employer to human resources and not your old boss if you left under questionable circumstances. They are likely to give a neutral answer according to their guidelines.

Employment Guide http://www.myemploymentzone.net/

describe how the federal and state systems of governement may or may not differ in their application of employ

-ment laws.Provide at least one example of an employment protection that is provided by Georgia state system,but not by the federal system.

more homework?

Managing Employment Litigation Risk with Proactive Statistical Analyses (Part 2 of 3)

Seasoned Litigator and Judge, Former Chief Legal Counsel to Governor Mitt Romney and Scott Brown Senate Campaign Joins ...
BOSTON----Daniel B. Winslow, an experienced litigator and former trial court judge, and the former Chief Legal Counsel to Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and Scott Brown’s U.S. Senate Campaign, has joined the Boston office of global law firm Proskauer as a Senior Counsel in the Litigation & Dispute Resolution Department.
Tips on Negotiations from Chicago Employment Law Firm

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law attorneys houston tx[/mage]

Attorney Questions and Answers

What type of severance offer should I expect?
I was wronfully terminated from a HUGE retailer and got an attorney after the lies they told at the unemployment hearing. She sent an intent to sue letter and their response is they acknowledge the sexual harassment but not the discriminatory hiring practices. (I have witnesses) The GM of the store.

What was the court case that said: Courts would appoint you a judge if you cannot afford one?
Gideon v. Wainwright It was not Miranda. In Miranda, the court held a defenfant had to be told of his rights. Gideon holds that a defendant gets a attorney if he cannot afford one. See the movie Gideon's Trumpet, with.

What's it called when u have an attorney reppersent u for free?
How would i look up, or what are they called, when an attorney will take ur case for free? it's called doing a case 'pro bono'. that's latin and it's short for 'pro bono publico' which means for the good of the public. - Pro bono -.

What's the difference in filing a claim with EEOC or filing a lawsuit with an attorney?
I've already filed a claim through EEOC. Should I hire a lawyer too? The EEOC has sent a letter to me talking about mediation which I will probably do, however, should I have a lawyer present for that? Any info. on this will.

What's your opinion?
8 attorney generals have petitioned my space.com to release the names of registered child perverts & they have refused, saying it violates their privacy contracts.. who do you think its right?. doris p I have issues with registered sex offenders trolling on myspace. IMHO it violates the conditions they are registered under. If they refuse, they.

When a police officer violate your rights .where can i report to ?
I studied this. Go to internal affairs and complain to them. Then the whole precinct will go under investigation. - A lawyer. Can't goto the police now can ya? - police station lol - Your attorney. - how did a police officer violate your rights?.

When an attorney requests that the judge in a case be changed, is there a special name for this motion?
Just as there is a 'motion for a change of venue' and a 'motion to dismiss' a case altogether, is there also a specific name for a motion to change judges? Thank you, Henrietta Also, under a motion to.

When declaring bankruptcy can I get a public lawyer to represent me for free?
it ain't criminal! you may be able to not pay anybody else, but you can be sure you will have to pay your attorney (and a good one will earn his/her$) - Only if you are a defendant. Bankruptcy court charges a fee however..

When is the right time to get an atty if a woman is claiming to be pregnant with your child?
You should already have one. - immediately. - As soon as possible! - Now. An attorney can force her to get a paternity test. - Ummm.now? Just make sure you get a court-ordered DNA test. Whodadaddy? - As.

When on workmans comp can an employer cancel or stop your health insurance and make you take cobra?
If you are on worker's comp, you need to contact a worker's comp attorney immediately and inform him or her what is currently happening to you. Each state has its own statutes regarding worker's comp, you need an expert in.

When Subpoena can I ask the attorney who subpoened me to pay for my time?
I have recently received a subpoena from an attorney in a court case. The case involves two neighbors that are disputing a property line. They are calling me out because I inspected a leaky water heater for the one client 2 years ago. That's.

When you sue someone, can you sue for the attorney fees also?
If you sue someone, can you sue them for the attorney fees also? Say $1500-$2000 Tecnically, you are filing a complaint. If you prevail you can ask the court to award you your attorney fees in addition to any damages that you were able to prove. If.

Where can I find a low cost attorney that will help me get visitation of my 2 boys?
Houston,Tx. - Family law - Divorce not yet finalized, violating visitation in divorce degree. Dear Friend, I can understand your problem. I will suggest you to take help from USALegalCare.com. They have the best attorneys for Just $1 a Day. I.

Where can I find the best lawyer? I was in a car accident?
I was riding my motorcyle nicely and some idiot old person slams right into me, I feel like I am going to die can't breath ect. I went to the hospital ect. broken ribs, chipped spinal cord.. I am just looking for an attorney now. I.

Where do I find the law of confidentiality that preists must follow?
Religious traditional law not American Jurisprudence Is this what you mean? privileged communication n. statements and conversations made under circumstances of assured confidentiality which must not be disclosed in court. These include communications between husband and wife, attorney and client, physician or therapist and patient, and.

Where do I research my divorce attorney's track record?
Hi all, I am about to retain an attorney, but I want to find out how well he's done in previous divorce cases that have gone to court. I'm expecting a nasty fight from my ex (alcoholic) and he will spend any amount of money to win this, so I.

Who knows whats a decent price for a traffic attorney?
i'm not sure what a 'traffic attorney' would be. an attorney that handles traffic violations? Usually it's not worth your money to hire an attorney for a traffic ticket. That being said, if it's something like a DUI, there are many attorneys that will do that. Otherwise, you'll.

Who thinks this judge/attorney filing a lawsuit against the dry cleaners is just disgusting?
This guy has an issue with his ego and it's not right what he's putting this family through, over a pair of pants..Its very sad and I feel kind of sorry for him, but also would like to tell him off.. This judge is what.

Why do attorney's where suits to court?
What's wrong with wearing blue jeans, togas, sweats, etc. . . ? What does an attorney's wardrobe have to do with the case? Because wearing a suit reinforces that there is a right and wrong in society. Of course this is an illusion propogated by those in power. But, most attorney's have.

Why do people assume it is ok to just drop by an attorney's office without an appointment?
People don't do this to doctors. What is a nice way of saving you need an appointment like everybody else. I don't need smart hiney answers I have enough of them myself. Thanks. 'I'm so sorry but you must understand that on.

Why do people get mad when they call for an apt with an attorney when you can't give them one for the next day
People get mad when you say it will be 2 weeks or more and they get mad when you explain he is in court he is in trial prep he is in trial. If it.

Why does the city of park ridge, illinois municipality on its website not indicate who is its city attorney?
the city of park ridge city hall paralegal and its police personnel do not want to identify its city attorney. why? the website for the municipality is silent on its city attorney? allow me to ask you a question in.

Why does the FDA approve drugs like vioxx,recall them after people become ill from them ?
Why are they approved in the first place ? There is always an 'ambulance chaser' attorney with melodramatic commecials regarding this. Because the FDA does not look at the long term side effects of drugs. They try to find some sort of drug.

does a district attorney have more power over a judge in a ruling?
No - no, the final decision is up to the judge - Heck no judge have decision to overpower them - No. The judge runs the court room. The DA can be held in contempt by the judge. Only way to reverse judge rulings are.

Why isn't NAMBLA illegal??
Ask a liberal. Ask Ruth Bader Ginsburgh. Ask an ACLU attorney. - simple answer The ACLU The most anti american group of retards on the palent - I thought it was. - Because they and their partner, the ACLU, give millions to the Democrat Party each election. NAMBLA, ACLU, & THE DEMOCRAT PARTY SUPPORT.

Why would a lawyer want power of attorney over a patient in a nursing home?
We are very suspicious of this lawyer's request to get power of attorney for a mentally ill aunt. What would be his benefit for doing this? He is very insistant on this matter and has called several family members. She has not previously needed.

Will a judge usually grant someone an extension of time in a probate case?
Its a guardianship of the estate case. I am supposed to file an accounting before my hearing but I am not sure how to do that. I am going to have to get an attorney to assist me. Can I go to the hearing and.

Will the EEOC provide me with a attorney since i have a case and no money?
The first answer is correct. I'd add that you don't need a lawyer if the EEOC pursues your case. I handle a lot of EEOC complaints and don't recall any in which the employee had counsel. - The EEOC doesn't provide anyone.

With an attorney how do you fight a hit and run case, with no physical evidence and alibi?
I have had the judge only trial, aquitted of the careless driving charge, had my employer testify, and time cards showing alibi, no one has viewed the vehicle, the sentencing is this week, the judge's sentencing has not occurred, but once.

Would an expert witness bother to set up a consultation with my attorney if he didn't think there was a case?
I was wondering if anyone might know whether or not the expert witness surgeon that looked at my medical records would bother to set up a consultation with my attorney if he didn't think there was a case?.

341 Bankruptcy Question.What paperwork do I need to bring?
I have a 341 meeting for a chapter 7 case on June 14th. Ive filed bankruptcy without an attorney so I don't know what paperwork I need to bring with me. I contacted the trustees office who's handling it and they said they would need 2 months of bank statements.

More Attorney questions please visit : LawFreeFAQ.com

About the Author

LawFreeFAQ.com

Another Successful Outcome Against KBR / Atty. Ajay Choudhary

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law attorneys houston tx[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]labor employment law in florida[/mage]

Are You Working Overtime in South Florida And Not Being Paid For It?

Because of the current recession, many employees have been laid off. Their co-workers, while happy to still have a job, have been forced to pick up the slack left after the former employee's departure. As a result, millions of American workers are now doing "double-duty" at work and putting in lots of overtime. To add insult to injury, the Department of Labor estimates that approximately 70 percent of employers are not complying with the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) which requires non-exempt workers to be paid overtime wages if they work more than a standard 40 hour work week.

Since 1937, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) has set the labor standards and guidelines for employers. The FLSA established 40 hours per week as the legal work week and requires overtime pay to be due to an employee for hours worked beyond the standard 40-hour work week. The FLSA also set the rate for overtime wages at 1.5 times the regular hourly wage for each hour worked beyond the 40 hour week.

Often, employers try to get around paying this overtime. They misclassify workers as exempt by giving them important-sounding job titles or by paying them salaries instead of hourly wages. The labors laws have gray areas, though, and there are certain salaried employees who are entitled to overtime pay and certain job titles that are non-exempt even though it sounds like the employee is in an executive or administrative position. A job title alone does not exempt a worker from overtime pay.

People in certain occupations are also routinely denied overtime pay even though they are entitled to it. As an example, nurses are generally thought of as exempt employees because they are considered "learned professionals." But, licensed practical nurses and licensed vocational nurses who are paid hourly may be entitled to overtime pay. Additional violations can come up regarding breaks and meal times for nurses. Some employers and staffing agencies automatically deduct these breaks and meal times from a nurse's weekly hours even if he or she is too busy to take a break, but many courts have ruled that these policies are also in violation of the FLSA.

Are you owed overtime pay? You are qualified to collect overtime in South Florida if you work more than forty hours in a week, even if:

• You are paid a salary
• You are a tipped employee
• Your job title is manager, but you do very little managerial work
• You are paid on a piece work or per trip basis
• You are not a U.S. Citizen
• You don't have records of all the hours you worked

Also be aware that the FLSA prohibits an employer from punishing or firing an employee who has asserted his or her rights to overtime wages.

Do you have a South Florida overtime claim? Florida overtime attorney Joseph M. Maus can help you determine if your employer may owe you money. Call him at 1-866-556-5529, visit his website at www.mauslawfirm.com, or email him today. The Law Office of Joseph M. Maus and Associates has handled some of the largest South Florida overtime claims. Attorneys in their office were recently appointed in Federal Court as lead counsel in an Overtime Class Action against a large Fortune 500 Company. Call their offices today for a free consultation or for more information on South Florida overtime claims.

About the Author

South Florida Attorney Joseph M. Maus and Associates has been helping victims of injuries and accidents for 17 years. The firm prides itself on having the resources and experience of the largest state-wide law firms, yet providing individualized attention to each and every client.

Free to Design: Florida Entrepreneurs Take On the Interior Design Cartel

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]labor employment law in florida[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]labor employment law in florida[/affmage]

Irish: in debt and in the UK

If you are any EU citizen, in debt and in the UK, you will be pleased to learn that there is a solution for you. Under EU law it is possible for a citizen of any EU country to petition for their bankruptcy in any other EU state.

Here in the UK as a result of successive changes to our insolvency legislation to encourage risk taking, entrepreneurs and business expansion, we have some of the least draconian of the measures in the EU to deal with debt.

In England and Wales if you are made bankrupt or declare yourselves bankrupt, you will be likely to be bankrupt for only the standard maximum of 12 months. Indeed many bankruptcies are simple and contain no assets and so it is possible to be discharged in less than a year.

In other EU countries it can take many years to become bankrupt and similar amounts of time spent under bankruptcy restrictions or paying back certain amounts of the debt.

In England and Wales you will only be asked to pay back what you can afford out of your disposable income and only for 36 months. The vast majority of people never have to pay back anything.

In England and Wales the bankruptcy process can be completed in days or as opposed to months elsewhere in Europe.

It is important to clarify whether you qualify for bankruptcy in England and that you have enough debt wherever it is held.

You will need to show that you have been in the UK for 6 months and often if you have been here for less than twelve months checks will be made to ascertain that you truly have your centre of main interest here.

Try to show you have a bank account, that you have a National Insurance number, that you have a job and that you can speak the language commensurate with your employed position.

It is possible to engage someone to help you through the process and I would be happy to do that

About the Author

Contact Steve Thatcher a qualified solicitor with Help With Debt (UK) Limited the total debt solutions company. For all further reading see http://www.helpwithdebtuk.com

For personal contact, email sthatcher@helpwithdebtuk.com. If you have any debt problem whatsover either personal or corporate make Steve your first call on 0808 160 5577. All telephone advice is free.

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]texas employment law for employees[/mage]

Background Check Texas

As with any state, if you intend carrying out a background check Texas has its own state laws on what is required. Most of these, however, refer to when checks must be carried out, such as the requirement of the University of Texas Health Science Center that all new students should be subject to a criminal background screening before being admitted.

Texas is also very strong on screening of day care employees, and rightly so. The costs of bad or negligent hiring can be very high for a local authority as it can be for a private company. In fact a serious negligent hiring lawsuit can destroy a small company, which is why background screening is so important these days. By carrying out the task properly you can reduce hiring problems within your company, and reduce risks to your staff and your company.

In Texas, as in most other states, the candidates themselves have certain rights. You must notify any potential employee of the fact that they will be subject to such employment screening checks, and must also respect the rights to privacy of the potential employees. Additional to that, if you intend having the background checks carried out by a third party, then in Texas, as anywhere else in the USA, you are obliged to receive signed permission from the person involved before you can do so. This is not necessary if you carry out the checks yourself, either personally or through another employee within your company.

Employment background checks are essential since many applicants falsify the information provided in their application forms, and what you decide to verify will depend to an extent on the type of work to be done. Your main obligation is to make sure that the prospective employee is qualified to work in the USA, but you have to make sure that he or she does not have a propensity to inflict violence on others. You will have other checks to carry out depending on the job on offer.

The criminal background check is necessary as protection for your existing employees, and if you fail to do this and an employee is assaulted, then you will be found negligent. You are responsible even if your employee is working out of the plant. Just a short while ago the Texas Supreme Court found cleaner company Kirby negligent for failing to carry out an adequate screening of an independent contractor who raped a woman in her home while demonstrating a vacuum cleaner. It cost them $160,000. Could your business afford this?

If you are employing an accountant you will likely want to carry out an additional credit check, and other common background checks Texas employers carry out are employment history, to find if there are any gaps that have not been volunteered in the résumé, and history of residence. Some people claim to have been living out of state to cover up periods in penal institutions. You could also check out court records, though this is not easy to do out of state without actually traveling to the court. Without that, it can sometimes be difficult to thoroughly check out someone’s criminal records since there is no national criminal database that can be accessed by embers of the public.

Even Texas state records are only as good as those counties that send details in. Frequently it is only by checking out court records that you can find out if anybody has actually been in prison or not. Some courts have electronic systems available for carrying out such searches, but with others you have to thumb through the paper records to find what you are looking for. Some courts will post the results to you while others insist on you picking them up personally.

In such cases it is generally more convenient to employ professionals to do the job. The professionals know all the legal obligations that have to be observed, both from your point of view and from that of the subject. Small businesses, however, often cannot afford to hire a professional investigator to carry out the screening and will have to do it themselves.

You are not expected to investigate every possible aspect of a job applicant’s life history, but you are expected to carry out the basic background checks that would throw up facts about their criminal history, or whether or not they have lied about their past work experience or even residential history. If you are employing someone in a day care or child care center then you have a legal obligation to do so. Texas law demands it.

If an incident occurs, and you are unable to demonstrate that you had carried out reasonable pre-employment screening or the proper background checks Texas employers are expected to carry out, then you are likely to be found liable for the results of negligent hiring. The penalties are commensurate with the crime carried out by the employee, but can include fines of many hundreds of thousands of dollars.

About the Author

Advanced Research http://www.arsbackgrounds.com is made up of a team of experts in HR, Risk Management and Legal Investigations. We provide a free consultation to assist you in mitigating your potential hiring risks.

Managing Employees During Economic Recovery (1 of 5)

employment law question?

I was wondering If a company can do this. My boyfriend has been working for a very large company in the area for about 6 months and a week ago he was told to sign some paperwork stating that they had to make him full time b/c he had worked x amount of hours in a certain period of time. He has been getting overtime almost every week.Last night the manager told him that it was a clerical error. I know a lot of company's have their own company policy regarding this stuff. So if they decided to go against it even after he saw and signed all the paper work would that be illegal? I think that if they 'had' to do it would be part of their company policy, so technically they aren't following it. I ask b/c the company gives out bonus's and his went from a median of about 250 to almost a grand and it makes me feel like they said it was a clerical error b/c if he gets a bigger bonus then his managers bonus is affected. I am in north carolina.

If he already signed the papers, it might be a binding contract. It totally depends on the forms signed. Get a copy and take them to an employment lawyer to see if they even have the legal right to back out.

TxDOT Admits They Hired Lobbyists (Violation of the law)!

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]free employment law postings[/mage]

Marketing your Law Firm – 5 Secrets to Building your Online Presence

How important is your firm’s client base? If this question seems like a no-brainer, it’s because it is. Fostering a steadily growing client base is a vital ingredient for any successful law firm. Growth equals profits. Yet despite this, legal marketing is often perceived within the industry as the proverbial ugly step child.

The reasons are obvious. Marketing takes lawyers out of their comfort zone. Good lawyers do not necessarily make good marketers. And time spent on a marketing campaign that bombs is time wasted! Imagine how much case work could have been completed in that time…

While these issues may be valid, the fact is that your firm isn’t going to grow on its own. So you can either accept legal marketing as a necessary evil, or watch your profits flatline.

For those brave enough to embrace it, welcome aboard. Marketing your firm won’t be easy, but it’s also not as difficult as you might think. Many of the road blocks inherent to legal marketing are being broken down, particularly with technological advancements in the online arena.

So open your mind as we explore the road blocks most firms encounter, and discuss the new technologies that are helping to break them down.

Road block 1 - Resource limitations

Lawyers work hard! A work conditions report conducted in 2003 found that your typical lawyer works around 48 hours a week. To compound this fact, almost 90% of Australian law firms employ less than 5 lawyers. The end result…? Resource shortage and time depravation!

Many firms would argue that they just don’t have the time, nor the manpower to implement effective marketing activities. Yes… common business development tactics such as attending & contributing to seminars, brochure development and mail out campaigns are resource heavy. But you have options. It’s time to take your thinking beyond the ‘old school’.

Solution

Modern marketing techniques can be light on both your time and resources. In fact, a number of online opportunities allow you to adopt a ‘set & forget’ approach to marketing.

Search engine optimisation (SEO) is an example. SEO is the practice of improving your web sites ranking within the search engine results in order to drive more traffic to your firm’s site. The effect of good SEO is dramatic. Data released by AOL revealed that the site attaining top spot in the search results draws almost half of the traffic for that search term. Second spot draws less than 15%!

A number of factors affect your sites ability to rank well within the search engines, including:

1. The quality of your content

2. The number of external sites that link to you

3. Your page titles

4. The age of your site

5. The frequency of content updates

6. The cleanliness of web site design and coding… and more

In fact, Google claims to use up to 200 different factors to measure a sites quality. Consequently, SEO isn’t a task you can take on yourself. You’ll need the help of a specialist, of which there are plenty! A Google search on SEO will reveal a wide range of agencies and consultants providing the expertise you need.

The real beauty of SEO is that once your site is optimised for the search engines, you can essentially sit back and watch the traffic come to you. And while semi regular site tweaks may be necessary (the search engines constantly update their site ranking factors to avoid abuse), the majority of the hard work will be done at the outset. And best of all… the traffic you receive via the search engines comes free of charge!!

To extend your marketing reach beyond the search engines and into the web stratosphere you could try Google Adsense or affiliate marketing (with providers like Commission Junction). Both allow you to hook into established web networks and place ads for your firm on thousands of web pages, while dealing with just the one provider. This form of advertising will give your firm good exposure, but the traffic is a little less qualified than from search engine marketing (as they are not specifically looking for legal aid).

Online directories are another alternative for low maintenance marketing. Whether it’s generic directories, or specialist legal directories such as Lawyer Centric, directory marketing can ensure a steady flow of client leads. For what it’s worth, specialised legal directories tend to be cheaper and are more likely to draw truly qualified client leads (as they target a very specific audience).

Road block 2 - Lack of marketing expertise

Lawyers are trained & hired to practice the law. You probably spent 4+ years studying it at university. But what your law degree didn’t teach you was how to market you firm and build your client base. And if you’re anything like your American counterparts (God forbid!) you’re not happy about it.

A recent survey by Buy Laws found that 91% of American lawyers are unhappy with the lack of marketing training at law schools. The study also found that 37% of respondents only just manage to generate enough business to stay alive, and 41% either don’t get good marketing results or don’t bother at all due to lack of knowledge.

Solution

While it is true that you probably haven’t received the training needed to be considered a marketing guru, it doesn’t mean good help isn’t out there. And better yet, it’s free! If you’re truly interested in improving your marketing skills there are a plethora of marketing sites that offer free expert advice in the form of articles & regular newsletters. The following sites are some of the best marketing resources providing free expert commentary:

General Marketing

1. Marketing Profs

2. Marketing Today

Online Marketing

1. Marketing Sherpa

2. Clickz

If you’re genuine about enhancing your marketing skills, the information is out there. All you need to do is go and get it.

Road block 3 – Networking is hard!

Building relationships and a solid network of professional acquaintances is critical to your ability to increase your client base. After all, it’s not what you know, but who you know right? That’s probably why you go to all those industry conferences & luncheons. But do you really get full value from those conferences? How many meaningful new business relationships do you take away from each one?

Many people believe that when it comes to ‘working the room’ you’ve either got the gift or you don’t. But what if you don’t? How can you add value to your firm and build meaningful business relationships?

Solution

You’ve probably heard of MySpace and Facebook before. They’re social networks that give people an online platform to connect with their current friends and meet new people. But have you heard of LinkedIn? It follows a similar premise, except that it is targeted towards business professionals.

At the most basic level you can use the service to store your personal business connections. But the real value comes in the networking capabilities. Members can extend their personal network by accessing second degree connections (the network pool of each of their personal contacts) and third degree connections (the network pool of each second degree connection).

The existence of a mutual contact essentially gives you a virtual ‘foot in the door’. And furthermore, it can be done on your own time. For those without the ‘gift of the gab’, this may be your ideal networking solution.

Road block 4 - Limitations of traditional marketing techniques

Marketing a law firm presents unique challenges. Legal choices are heavily considered decisions. New clients want detailed information in order to achieve a level of confidence that your firm has the necessary expertise to manage their case effectively. Questions from new clients will typically include:

1. What areas of law does your firm specialise in?

2. What experience do you have managing similar cases?

3. Who are your current clients and what would they say about your firm?

In order to address these questions, you need the opportunity to speak to clients in a detailed & specific manner. But how can that be achieved? Unless you have the budget to develop a comprehensive firm brochure, or buy a full page print ad, your marketing messages are likely to lack the detail to convert prospects into clients. Standard print ads, directory ads, radio ads, online banner ads (and others) all place restrictions on your ability to communicate with clients in any manner of detail.

Solution

Your web site need not be your only rich source of information. You have options. More and more online platforms are emerging that provide you with the opportunity to publish detailed information. Blogs are perhaps the most common. Blogs are free to set up from providers like Blogger and provide a basic web site framework for you to work with. The key advantage of blogs is that they allow content to be updated quickly and easily (unlike web sites which require technical expertise to update).

While most blogs are non commercial in nature, many ‘bloggers’ have realised that they can use the medium to position themselves as experts in a particular industry. The field of law is no exception. Blogs are a natural communication tool for law firms as they allow easy publication of articles, case studies and commentary of legal issues. A small number of Australian lawyers and law firms have embraced blogs, yet the potential remains largely untapped in the legal industry.

Online directories present another marketing opportunity for savvy law firms. And no we’re not talking about the Yellow Pages. The ‘one size fits all’ model applied by multi-industry directories typically limits the type & quantity of content advertisers can publish. We are in fact talking about niche directories that are tailor made for a specific industry.

Lawyer Centric is an example. It is a directory designed by lawyers specifically for the legal industry, and offers a number of promotional services for firms, including:

1. An advertisement in the legal directory.

2. The ability to receive client emails directly to a nominated email address.

3. The ability to create a customised web page to promote your firm’s practice areas, technical knowledge, articles & client testimonials.

4. Unlimited access to publish articles to a legal article database.

5. Unlimited access to post vacancies on the legal job boards.

Members are able to choose between free & paid membership.

Road block 5 - Cost

In all honesty, our last road block is probably the first that sprung to your mind. Money! Traditional forms of advertising/marketing are far from cheap. Whether it’s newspaper, radio, Yellow Pages or online ads, the cumulative cost of advertising can be in the thousands each year (if not tens of thousands). That’s a lot of money!

Naturally, you want the best return on investment for your firm. And that’s probably the best part about each solution we’ve proposed so far. They’re all cheap! Let’s revisit each solution one last time to review what implementation will cost you:

1. SEO consultancy can be pricey, but is an excellent long term marketing investment. Remember, after the initial cost of optimising your site all traffic you receive is free. Google Adsense & affiliate marketing operate on a pay per click basis. You’ll only pay each time someone clicks through to your web site. Most clicks will cost you less than a dollar!

2. Each marketing newsletter is delivered to you free of charge. You just need to find the time to read them.

3. LinkedIn is a free networking service.

4. Blogs are free to set up and maintain. Of course, your cost is the time it takes to generate regular content. But if you are already writing articles and case analyses…

5. Lawyer Centric offers both free & paid membership. The cost of a paid membership is just $250 annually.

And now, it is over to you. The seeds have been sown. The question is whether you choose to embrace them or not.

Newer technology means that legal marketing no longer needs to be the ugly step child of the legal industry. In fact, with a little research and some smart implementation, you could create a Cinderella story of your very own.

About the Author

Article Contributed by James Duthie. James works as the Marketing Manager for Lawyer Centric, Australia’s premium law firm directory

Free Advertising Forum

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]free employment law postings[/affmage]

Employment for law grads?

any recent law grads or soon to be's finding it hard to land a good job in this market? I'm considering law school and want to work in the seattle-portland area. How do average graduates find work?

Not a recent law grad but here are some tips:

1. Get a clerkship/internship - any kind - during law school;
2. Sign up with the local county bar association and Barrister's group (and go to all of their free Continuing Legal Education programs);
3. Volunteer with LegalAid;
4. Keep in contact with all classmates (they may get a job earlier than you and if they know of an opening at their firm, can probably get you in);
5. Sign up with many temporary employment agencies that specialize in staffing legal positions. You may be a contract attorney, but at least you'll be learning the law;
6. Sign up with as many headhunters as possible;
7. Contact the firm(s) that handle special appearances and see if they need additional people. You may earn $25-50 per court appearance but it you have a lot, that's not too bad for a few hours of work;

I think that's all I have for now...

Police Departments Hiring in Washington State - http://Sites.Google.com/site/NorthwestPoliceJobs

Drug Cartels Recruiting at Phoenix Bars
Mexican drug cartels -- recruiting in the valley? It's true. Law enforcement officials say they're finding new hires, often unemployed, in local bars.
Jaburg Wilk Client Testimonials

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]california employment law application[/mage]
what does this mean look below?

Citizenship
The City of Los Angeles requires that a Police Officer candidate be a United States citizen, or that a non-citizen be a permanent resident alien who, in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), is eligible and has applied for citizenship.

In order for you to be eligible to be a police officer, you need to have been a permanent resident (green card holder) for at least 5 years (at 5 years, you are eligible to apply for citizenship).

After you apply for citizenship, USCIS sends you a letter that you that you are eligible and to schedule an interview (or you can call Customer Service at 1-800-375-5283 for the status of your application). You need to show this proof when you take the written police test. In other words, they will not let you take the police test until you get a written letter from USCIS.

You have 3 years after you are employed as a cop to go to the citizenship interview and to be sworn in as a citizen. Usually it takes less than a year.

Consumer, Health and Family
Article by Joani C. Moberg and Lisa T. Spencer Originally published in The Hennepin Laywer , May 6,2010. You've just hung up the phone with a new client. It's a great case with sophisticated financial issues, but you've never handled a case of this magnitude before. Now what?
St. Louis Park Employment Labor Law Attorney Minnesota Lawyer

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law certification texas[/mage]
Backed by NewSpring and Dublin Capital, XOS Technologies Scores $37M - cbl
By citybizlist Staff RADNOR/PHILADELPHIA -- According to a Reg D filing with the U.S. Securities and...
hottest college girls

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law helpline[/mage]

Hiring A Nanny In London

For those who feel they have 'the best nanny in the world', count yourself lucky and do everything in your power to hold onto them! For those who've had some issues in the past, either with sourcing a good nanny or tackling managerial or financial issues once the nanny is working, here are some tips to lighten the load.

• Source a suitable Nanny

  There are various ways to hire a nanny in London. Through an agency is the most obvious choice because they should have a large database of suitable, fully vetted candidates for you to choose from. Although there will be a cost involved most agencies do offer a refund/replacement policy should your chosen nanny not work out. For a reputable nanny agency in your area contact the REC (Recruitment and Employment Confederation) who will put you in touch. Alternatively, word of mouth often works well so ask friends and colleagues if they know any good nannies requiring work. Many nannies in London register their details on websites that allow you to contact them for a very reasonable cost. If you go down this route, ensure you fully reference check them and confirm qualifications etc. You may also want to organise a police check which can be done through the Criminal Records Bureau.

• Check out your legal responsibilities

  As an employer you are required by law to pay the nanny her wages, including Tax and N.I. contributions. You must also adhere to certain employment standards. In brief, these include paying your nanny correctly, providing a written statement, payslips, annual leave and maternity pay (if applicable). Contact the HM Revenue and Customs Employer Helpline 0845 60 70 143 for guidance and advice.

• Draw up a contract

  An employer; be it in childcare agency in London or otherwise; is required to have a written statement in place detailing the job description, working hours, pay, annual leave, notice of termination etc. It is also advisable guidelines are included detailing exactly what responsibilities your nanny will have and what your expectations are regarding her duties. Think carefully about how many hours you will need your nanny to work, additional babysitting, weekend work, live in/live out arrangements, smoking rules, house guest rules etc. It will make your employer/employee relationship much easier if these guidelines are clarified from the start.

• Make sure you're paying the right Tax contributions

  It is vital you adhere to your responsibilities as an employer to pay the nanny Tax and N.I. contributions. This can be complicated but doesn't need to be. It is advisable to contact a payroll agency who will take this responsibility off your hands for a small fee. Alternatively, contact your tax office or call HMRC Employer Helpline (as above).

• Keep an eye on working hours

  If you require your nanny to work longer than 48 hours, ensure you have an agreement in place signed by both parties.

• Ensure you have the right insurance.

  Childcare in London is often great fun with lots to see and do to entertain the children. However, as with any major city, it can be hazardous and in the unlikely event your child or nanny may be in an accident, ensure your nanny has up-to-date insurance so you are fully covered. Specific nanny insurance may include public liability, third party cover, and legal expenses. If required to drive, make sure he/she is included on your motor insurance.

About the Author

South African born Keith has lived in the south of England for most of his life. After graduating from University with a degree in Business Information Systems Management he decided to start Strawberrysoup a website design company based in West Sussex and Dorset. Keith successfully gained entry into the Southampton University Air Squadron and spent over 12 months training to fly. Since then he has continued to follow his interest in flying and has now began his own training in the form of a Private Pilot's Licence. Keith also spent 13 months working within the Image and Printing Group at Hewlett Packard in Bracknell. Throughout his time there, he was responsible for many activities including events organisation and website design and maintenance.

Can a current federal employee ask for more money in a federal civil lawsuit once his case is out of the EEOC?

Can a current federal employee ask for more money in a federal civil lawsuit once his case is out of the EEOC?
I won in the Equal Employment Opportunity Comission and had to file a fedral civil lawsuit against Social Security who I work for. My attorney says I can only get what I won in the EEOC, but I thought when you filed in federal court, even if you are a current federal employee, you can get more monetary compensation than what is allowed in the EEOC because it is a civil trail and longer under control of the EEOC, I am right and what is the law or statue? Help!
2 days ago - 5 days left to answer.

I answered this question the other day.. yes because it is civil unless part of the previous settlement contained an agreement to not sue in civil court.

Beginning of Employment Law

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]current employment law cases[/affmage]
[affmage source="cj" results="5"]current employment law cases[/affmage]

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]labor and employment law resume[/mage]
How do you find and get a high paying job?

I am 26 and graduated college with a BA in political science nearly 5 years ago. I was always a great student and when I graduated college it was cumlaude and as a member of two national honor societies. I spent a year at law school but left because I don't want to be a lawyer and that is a field almost completely devoid of morals.

(Excuse my poor grammar)

What I heard is 80% of the "best" Jobs are unheard of. The "best" jobs are the ones people get through promotions or networking. You have to work you way up or start networking. Make a 100 business cards and go to public company events and start networking every single day. One day someone is going to call you up asking you to bring your resume for a opening you would have never saw in the ads. I say the "best" in quotes because there are people who had accounting jobs for 60k a year and quit because they where bored and took a 35K job as a cop or teacher.

How to find recession proof jobs

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]new york employment law disability[/mage]

Accident Lawyer New York Fights for Everything You are Entitled to

In New York, where there are so many people, accidents can happen all the time. Accident lawyers New York specialized can find much work. For one thing, anyone can suffer an accident, which may be someone else’s fault. Also, with the amount of cars in New York City alone, car accidents can be very common. Work place injuries are another unfortunate common occurrence. Accident lawyers New York conscious have a plethora of work available to them.

Random accidents happen all the time especially in New York. When these accidents occur because of someone’s negligence, an accident lawyer New York specialized can help. Some laws involve residential areas. When buildings are in violation of health codes for instance, the landlord is at fault. An accident lawyer New York minded can help to prosecute these landlords. Also in commercial areas, people can suffer from improper upkeep. Owners who do not follow the government laws and regulations can passively cause customers to be injured. Sometimes, these injuries can even be severe enough to affect peoples’ jobs. Since oftentimes people have little money and no savings, not working can be very harmful. Accident lawyers New York specialized have had plenty of experience in these matters.

Another kind of accident that accident lawyers New York specialized have had tons of experience with is car accidents. With the amount of cars on the road these days, car accidents have become common through the country. In New York City alone there are thousands of accidents each year. Car insurance should help all of these people with their claims. When they try to avoid handling the claims, accident lawyers New York specialized know how to properly litigate insurance companies. Accident lawyers New York specialized are sometimes needed to help defend people in car accidents when they are at fault. Penalties for driving under the influence can be very severe and a person needs the proper legal representation.

An unfortunate common occurrence in New York is lawsuits due to unsafe work areas. Accident lawyers New York specialized are very familiar with work place accident suits. There are many ways in which places of employment can be unsafe. The government has many laws in place to protect employees. When employers don’t follow these laws and accidents occur, then they are at fault. Employees can then seek reparations. Accident lawyers can help to get the employees money to cover their medical bills caused by an unsafe work environment. Sometimes these injuries can be lasting. Mezotheleoma, caused by asbestos insulation has become a very serious problem. Accident lawyers New York specialized have had plenty of experience with this. Sometimes employers are reluctant to let their employees use disability. Lawyers can make these people, through litigation, pay their employees what they have earned.

About the Author

Paul Justice gives advice to clients who are looking for attorneys to handle injury related cases such as Car accident, automobile accidents. To know more about Accident lawyer New York, accident lawyer New Jersey,New York car accident lawyer and New York auto accident lawyer, visit www.nbraccidentlawyer.com

Disability and Law: Work Incentives DO work (Part 1)

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]florida employment law for employees[/mage]
Would I qualify for COBRA coverage in Florida?

About 2 weeks ago I was informed by my employers that because of rising costs in the company they are pushing my employment down from full time (40 hours) to part time (20 hours). I was also told that because of this change my benefits will no longer be renewed and will be allowed to expire. I read that a company with fewer than 20 employees is exempt from supplying COBRA to qualifying employees (Our company is made up of 8 people). I did however read that in some states laws have been passed that require even smaller otherwise exempt companies to supply COBRA coverage?

Florida "Mini-COBRA"

The Florida Health Insurance Coverage Continuation Act (FHICCA), or the Florida Mini-COBRA provision, became effective January 1, 1997. This provision entitles individuals a continuation of coverage, much like the federal COBRA provision, except it is for groups with less than 20 full-time employees. If you have any questions about Florida Mini-COBRA and your health plan, contact the health plan. Highlights of the Mini-COBRA provision include:

An employee, and his/her dependents are eligible for a continuation of coverage of up to 18 months. If an employee is totally disabled, then coverage may be for up to 29 months.

The insurance company or HMO is responsible for the administration of the continuance of coverage rather than the employer. You send your premiums directly to the insurance company.

Premiums paid for continuation of coverage may not exceed 115% of the group rate, and no more than 150% of the group rate during the 11 month disability extension.

An eligible employee must give written notice to the insurance company or HMO within 30 days after the occurrence of the qualifying event, as opposed to 60 days under the federal COBRA provision.

This is a very important point for you to remember:
It is your responsibility (not your employer's) to notify the insurance company within 30 days if you wish to maintain their rights under Florida Mini-COBRA. This is different from the Federal COBRA law.

Florida Non Compete Agreements - aka Non-Compete Contracts

[mage lang="" source="flickr"]employment law vacancy[/mage]
Why does the law not do enough about Bad Job Agencies?

I have been (like so many others ) a victim of bad job agencies who advertise jobs that are not in existance , just to obtain CV's to add to their quota and boost their profit in how many people they can get onto their books.

I am glad that im not the only one that has to go through this, may I add Manpower, Randstad, and a whole heap of other unhelpful agencies to the list. Please let me know as im getting tired of filling out forms and doing tests. Agency work is crap, perhaps thats why there are so many immigrants working for them.

Oh thanks for your post got me thinking.. I have just wrote a letter to watchdog (a bbc programe here in england) they might launch an investigation into the job agencies wouldnt be a bad idea to wrie to them... heres the website:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/consumer/tv_and_radio/watchdog/index.shtml

Video CV

[affmage source="amazon" results="5"]employment law vacancy[/affmage]

With USCIS forward-backward July visa bulletin drama, does the US govt realise great damage on legal migrants?

With USCIS welcoming employment based applicants for July with announcement in June and slamming the door on t